Pro-Enterprise Panel
Singapore

The Problem

Singapore has built a transparent, accountable, and responsive Public Service that is a magnet for Multi-National Corporations (MNCs). Singapore’s institution of clear and impartial rules is one major reason why MNCs have invested heavily in Singapore, contributing to its impressive growth. Today, many world-class companies use Singapore as a total business centre; and its successful model is acknowledged internationally.

In its next phase of development, Singapore is remaking itself into a global city that is a hub of talent, enterprise and innovation. Strong Singapore companies that can develop new ideas, tap new markets, broaden Singapore’s economic base and make its economy more resilient, will complement and anchor the MNCs in Singapore.

The promotion of entrepreneurship and domestic businesses, especially the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector, has therefore become a key economic strategy in Singapore. For it to succeed, the Public Service must move from its traditional role as a controller and regulator, to facilitator and nurturer, and eventually to convenor and aggregator of business. The private sector must in turn contribute good ideas which the Government can implement.

The Pro-Enterprise Panel (PEP) was therefore set up in August 2000 to create and sustain a Public Private Partnership (PPP) to orchestrate a Whole-of-Government (WOG) transformation in Singapore’s regulatory environment. The PEP initiative is championed from the top, by the Head of the Civil Service (HCS), senior civil servants and high profile (and highly experienced) entrepreneurs who volunteer their time and energy.

As one of Singapore’s earliest and most strategic PPPs, the PEP has greater representation from the private sector than the public sector, affirming the position that the private sector is a strategic partner rather than the target of regulation. The high level of private sector participation ensures that sufficient consideration is given from a pro-business angle when suggestions are evaluated, and that the PEP has the deep business knowledge to engage regulatory agencies and push through changes.

To define new boundaries for pro-enterprise change, rather than just generate incremental changes in the regulatory environment, the PEP has replaced the didactic regulation of the business environment with a risk management approach - a first-of-its-kind, out-of-the-box government transformation. This approach has enabled more than half of the suggestions for regulatory change submitted by businesses to be accepted. The testimonies from two of the many satisfied businesses are attached:

“We were totally elated by the prompt response from the PEP! Before approaching the PEP, we were frustrated by the impediments that confounded our desire to invigorate and make Orchard Road a more exciting place. The quick response from the PEP renewed our faith in the government and its policies.” Mr Kevin Chee, President, Macquarie Pacific Star Property Management Pte Ltd

“This has certainly reinforced my faith in our system and government's commitment to change and progress. I feel vindicated - my belief that you can find recourse in our system when there is a legitimate case, ..... It makes me proud to be Singaporean.” Viswa Sadasivan, Chairman, The Right Angle Group

(499 words)

Solution and Key Benefits

 What is the initiative about? (the solution)
The PEP’s objective is to make Singapore the most pro-enterprise country in the world. This it has achieved, when the World Bank’s Doing Business Report ranked Singapore No.1 for ease of doing business (out of 175 economies) in 2006.

This pro-business environment has contributed to the development of the SME sector. Since the inception of the PEP, Singapore’s Total Entrepreneurial Activity, which is the sum of nascent entrepreneurs and new businesses, has improved from 4.2% in 2000 to 7.2% in 2005. Net firm formation, which is the number of new firms being formed, has more than doubled - from an average of 8,000 between 1990 and 2001 to around 18,000 between 2002 and 2004. Today, the 133,000 SMEs make up 99% of all enterprises in Singapore, and contribute to 56% of employment and 42% of total value-added. Local SMEs make up 90% of Singapore’s enterprises, employ 44% of the workforce and contribute 23% of the total value-added.

The PEP has handled over 1,500 suggestions, of which an encouraging 54% have been accepted. With over 800 suggestions accepted, unnecessary licences have been removed; obsolete legislations repealed; access to government assistance schemes improved; agencies' business processes streamlined; and cumbersome constraints and overly-prescriptive requirements on business operations negated. Social causes have also been furthered, e.g. ex-offenders can now qualify for the government’s Startup Enterprise Development Scheme (SEEDS) funding, in support of their reintegration into society.

The PEP mechanism ensures that suggestions are given due attention quickly. The median time taken to clear a PEP suggestion is only two weeks, with the more complex issues involving multiple agencies taking longer. This has contributed to the overall suggestor satisfaction level of 80% - the indicator measures the time taken to respond to feedback, as well as the receptivity of agencies to suggestions, the clarity of the agencies’ explanations, and the agencies’ understanding of how their rules affect businesses. Three PEP suggestions have won the yearly national Excellence in Public Suggestions Awards - two in 2005 and one in 2006. This is very encouraging and proves that the PEP is able to attract good, workable ideas.

The PEP has made so many changes and created so much self-scrutiny within the Public Service that rules review has become a way of life. In fact, the Whole-of-Government approach to rules review has seen 46% (5,436) of 11,933 rules in the Public Service reviewed by March 2006. Of these, 23% (1,233) have been removed or amended. Through the PEP, agencies have also acquired a better understanding of businesses' needs i.e. even when they are not able to implement the suggestions directly, alternative recommendations and solutions are frequently provided.

What is most important to businesses is that removal of rules reduces business costs and improves the bottom line. An example is the S$70,000 yearly savings by employment agencies after they were allowed to extend their security bonds when renewing their licences. In total, the cost savings of rules reviewed is estimated at more than S$50 million.

(496 words)

Actors and Stakeholders

 Who proposed the solution, who implemented it and who were the stakeholders?
Year 2000 Milestones:
(1) Inception of the PEP and formalisation of the STENT Activist Network, comprising the highest level of anagement in public agencies.
(2) Launch of the PEP website.
(3) Commencement of the monthly “Win S$1,000 Award” for Public Officers.

Year 2001 Milestone:
(1) Introduction of the Scissors Award for Government Agencies.

Year 2003 Milestones:
(1) Start of the Industrial Outreach Programme and Roadshows.
(2) Subsuming of the “Win S$1000 Award” under a broader POWER (Public Officers Working for the Elimination of Red Tape) Suggestion Award.
(3) First rejuvenation of the private and public service leaders in the PEP.

Year 2004 Milestones:
(1) Formalisation of the PEP Principles.
(2) Initiation of the Yearly Pro-Enterprise Ranking of Public Agencies.
(3) Inauguration of the Action Community for Entrepreneurship (ACE) Award for the Top 5 agencies’ in the annual Pro-Enterprise Ranking.

Year 2005 Milestones:
(1) 2 PEP suggestions win the Excellence in Public Suggestions Award 2005.
(2) Tie up with Civil Service College to share the Pro-Enterprise Movement as part of a structured and regular training programme.

Year 2006 Milestones:
(1) Second rejuvenation of the private and public service leaders in the PEP.
(2) Renewal of the PEP Secretariat via secondment of officers from Public Agencies with regulatory functions.
(3) 1 PEP suggestion wins the Excellence in Public Suggestions Award 2006.
(4) Review of the PEP Mechanism, leading to:
(a) Adoption of more challenging Key Performance Indicators for agencies.
(b) Formalisation of Lead Agency Concept to Resolve Cross-Agency Issues using a Whole-Of-Government approach.
(5) New win-win partnership with the Singapore Business Federation and the other key associations/Enterprise Development Centres.
(6) Participation in the inaugural Public Service Exhibition showcasing the most innovative Public Service initiatives. Total number of visitors: 36,200.

(a) Strategies

 Describe how and when the initiative was implemented by answering these questions
 a.      What were the strategies used to implement the initiative? In no more than 500 words, provide a summary of the main objectives and strategies of the initiative, how they were established and by whom.
With the formalization of the new strategic direction promoting entrepreneurship in 2000, Singapore realized that there was a need for changes to the regulatory environment to catalyse this development. Then Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Tony Tan had therefore committed in September 2000 that what is not expressly prohibited in the regulation of businesses will be allowed. This flexibility in regulations is further complemented by the use of “sunset clauses” where appropriate i.e. they will have an expiry date unless they are renewed. This is to compel regulators to review their rules regularly and make sure they remain relevant.

The PEP was set up to oversee this initiative, and to ensure that the reviews are done in a timely and comprehensive manner. The PEP has stated in its public letter of commitment to businesses, that “No feedback or suggestions are too minor. They could be anything related to rules which are outmoded, or approval processes which are cumbersome. We are keen to ensure that our rules and regulations are continuously reviewed, improved and relaxed.”

To encourage this pro-enterprise mindset in the Public Service, a Reward and Recognition Programme was launched in September 2000. Officers who made suggestions leading to the amendment or deletion of a cumbersome or unnecessary government rule; or the creation of a rule that helped business development, stood a chance to win a monthly S$1000 Award. This award was subsequently subsumed under a broader POWER (Public Officers Working for the Elimination of Red Tape) Suggestion Award in 2003.

A Scissors Award Scheme was also introduced in September 2001. The Scissors Award recognised Government Agencies that had made significant progress in removing or amending their rules, leading to enhanced service delivery or policy improvements. In 2004, this too evolved into the Action Community for Entrepreneurship (ACE) Award. The ACE Award, driven by the private sector, provides an external and independent evaluation of agencies’ pro-enterprise performance.

As a consequence of the PEP’s initiatives, not only have business rules become more pro-enterprise and accommodating to the fluidity of the New Knowledge Economy, but public services have also been re-invented to focus on customer service, and inefficiencies have been cleaned up through organisational review within the Government.

The PEP therefore presents a significant strategic value for Singapore’s business environment. This is why the US Department of State’s Investment Climate Statement for 2006 has highlighted the PEP as a key initiative contributing to the transparency of the regulatory system in Singapore. Many businesses, particularly SMEs and entrepreneurs have benefited significantly.

Having seen Singapore through the first phase of its pro-enterprise movement, the PEP continues to renew itself and set new benchmarks for the Public Service to ensure that Singapore continues to improve in order to realise its vision of becoming a global city of talent, enterprise and innovation. As many of the straightforward and single agency regulatory issues have been addressed, the PEP has now shifted its focus to tackling the increasing numbers of multi-agency issues using a Whole-of-Government approach.

(497 words)

(b) Implementation

 b.      What were the key development and implementation steps and the chronology? No more than 500 words
Based on the mandate it was given, the PEP is guided by the following principles:

(1) Transparency and consistency of regulations. There must be certainty and no retrospective application of rules. All rejections of applications must be explained.
(2) Reduce compliance costs. Unnecessary rules should be removed (e.g. sunset clauses) and third party regulatory certification recognized where appropriate. Government fees, requirements for deposits, and processing cost and time should be reduced.
(3) Remove regulatory obstacles. Move away from a one-size-fits-all solution, and regulate vital risks only. Agencies should make it easy for business proposals to go through, with emphasis on stricter checks after market entry.

The PEP helps businesses cut through red tape. Suggestions are reviewed with the intention of simplifying and eliminating rules. In fact, the PEP ensures there is 100% review of each suggestion from commencement to closure. If an agency says no to a suggestion, the PEP will examine its rationale closely, and may ask the agency to present its position to the panel. Even if the suggestion is rejected fully or partially, the PEP makes sure that the reasons are explained clearly to the suggestor, and alternatives are sought to address his needs.

In 2006, the PEP also launched a programme to attach officers from regulatory agencies to the PEP, to increase the public officers’ understanding of business needs, and enable them to contribute towards building a pro-enterprise approach in their own agencies. As part of its outreach programme, the PEP also holds regular sharing sessions on best practices and participates in exhibitions to promote the pro-enterprise message to businesses and public servants.

The PEP has therefore been able to help public agencies acquire a better understanding of business needs and help create a conducive climate for businesses to thrive. In addition, the PEP also proactively analyses and targets areas that concern the business climate as a whole, e.g. land and manpower issues. In addressing these issues, the PEP, as an objective and experienced party, brings together the different business sectors, regulating agencies and experts in the field, so that a win-win solution could be found for both businesses and the State.

Another priority is customer service, and ensuring it is convenient and easy for businesses to submit their feedback. All businesses need to do is simply to visit the PEP website (www.pep.gov.sg) and fill in the online suggestion form there. With a 74% internet penetration rate in Singapore, this provides the most straightforward and cost-effective means of making suggestions. The PEP also actively searches for opportunities to be hyperlinked and to get downstream access from other websites frequented by businesses. However, the internet is only part of a multi-channel approach that also covers letters, faxes, telephone and Smart Messaging System (SMS) via mobile phones as other means of making suggestions.

(466 words)

(c) Overcoming Obstacles

 c.      What were the main obstacles encountered? How were they overcome? No more than 500 words
Top-driven Mindset Change. By having the Head of Civil Service as the champion of cutting red tape means that the pro-enterprise movement gets the highest level support. Access to the highest echelon of the Public Service is also guaranteed. Since all public officers’ email addresses are listed and readily available, suggestions can go directly to HCS or other senior public officers.

To enable effective review, the PEP is supported by a network of officers drawn from the highest management of every public agency. Known as the Speed Team for Enterprises (STENT), this network comprises the Permanent Secretaries and Deputy Secretaries of ministries, Chief Executive Officers of statutory boards, and Heads of major departments. PEP suggestions are sent to the top management so that they can lead the review of rules and regulations, and initiate changes to enhance the business environment. This underlies the priority the Public Service leadership places on the pro-enterprise movement.

Network of Private and Public Sector Partners. The PEP collaborates closely with the Action Community for Entrepreneurship (ACE) – a movement that involves both the private and public sectors to create a more entrepreneurial environment in Singapore - and especially the Rules Action Crucible within ACE. A major collaboration is the annual Pro-Enterprise Ranking (PER) of public agencies, which ranks the government agencies on their compliance cost, transparency, review of rules, customer responsiveness and pro-enterprise orientation. It also identifies key areas of improvement requiring action across the Public Service.

The PER helps raise the bar across the board for all regulatory agencies. The overall performance index has improved from 64.7 in 2004 to 68.7 in 2006 (scores above 50 indicating overall satisfaction). As a form of recognition, the top five agencies in the rankings are given the ACE Awards.

The PEP also launched an industry outreach programme. By going directly to business associations and communities, the PEP actively seeks out suggestions. This approach increases the channels for making suggestion as the business associations, including the Singapore Business Federation (SBF) and the Enterprise Development Centres (EDCs), act as conduits for their members to submit suggestions. The EDCs are particularly helpful for SMEs, who might need additional help in crafting suggestions and in language translations. With this, the panel is able to identify policy areas that have proven problematic for the different business groups, and work with the relevant government agencies.

The PEP falls under the overall Public Service for the 21st Century (PS21) Cut Red Tape Movement. The movement is guided by a “No Wrong Door” policy that manages redirection of suggestions within the Public Service, rather than by the business or citizen. In particular, the PEP works with the Smart Regulations Committee (which looks at knowledge, awareness and practice of regulations across the Public Service) and the Cut Waste Panel (which considers suggestions for the Government to cut waste or remove frills) to jointly push the agenda for a lean Public Service that is optimally regulated.

(488 words)

(d) Use of Resources

 d.      What resources were used for the initiative and what were its key benefits? In no more than 500 words, specify what were the financial, technical and human resources’ costs associated with this initiative. Describe how resources were mobilized
The PEP has institutionalised a culture of pro-enterprise and customer service orientation among all public servants in Singapore.

Beyond Businesses. The adoption of risk management instead of legislation where possible, and continual review aided by sunset clauses, have now extended beyond business issues and business agencies, to cover all regulations and the Public Service as a whole. For instance, the risk-based regulatory framework has even been adopted by the charity sector. On the other hand, rules review across the whole Public Service is now formalized via an ongoing 5-year cycle.

From Single-agency to Whole-of-Government (WOG) Resolutions. Today, many of the straightforward and single agency issues have been addressed. In its place, there has been a rise in cross-agency feedback from 5% in 2002 to 34% in 2005. Consequently, the PEP has shifted its focus to tackling the more complex cross- or multi-agency red tape using a WOG approach. One example of this was a “quit smoking” aid that involved the Health Promotion Board, the Health Sciences Authority and the Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority. The PEP helped secure notification that the aid was not subjected to regulatory controls, which was crucial for companies marketing it.

While the PEP has achieved a certain level of success in facilitating the resolution of such complex issues, the process can sometimes be time-consuming, inefficient and frustrating. Therefore, a framework to identify lead agencies to resolve cross-agency issues has been implemented this year. Lead agencies are now systematically identified at the onset of the issue to provide leadership and co-ordination among the various stakeholders, and to seek a solution for the customer as a networked government.

This WOG approach helps in breaking down individual agency silos, and serves to foster a pro-enterprise environment. No longer can agencies content themselves by operating in silos and acting in the capacity of their individual regulatory bodies. One example of savings as a consequence of taking this WOG approach is the formation of the Chemistry Taskforce in June 2005 to look into the interests and concerns of the biomedical sciences industry. The striking of a balance by the various agencies for the import, storage, transport and disposal of specialty chemicals has led to significant benefits for the industry, public research and university laboratories.

Engagement and Consultation. The requirement for all Ministries to undertake pre-policy consultation exercises, is now firmly embedded in the Government’s Instruction Manual. Focus groups, surveys, feedback forms, and forums via face-to-face, telephone, forms and consultation paper channels are now widely used as part of a customer-driven approach that helps agencies focus on areas of priorities (e.g. responsiveness) and meet pro-enterprise performance targets that have been set.

How useful such engagement has been is illustrated by the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS), which has evolved from a bureaucratic tax collector to treating taxpayers as partners and customers. Its active engagement of the taxpayers has allowed IRAS to be ranked fourth out of twenty-four agencies, in the annual Pro-Enterprise Ranking in the last two years.

(497 words)

Sustainability and Transferability

  Is the initiative sustainable and transferable?
Following the success of the PEP as a model for Public Private Partnership, the Action Community for Entrepreneurship (ACE) was formed in May 2003 to take the pro-enterprise movement further. ACE complements the functions of the PEP by facilitating discussion and debate on the regulatory framework, changing culture and mindset, improving access to finance, and facilitating networking and learning.

The success of the PEP in improving the business environment has also facilitated the formation of the Cut Waste Panel (CWP) by then Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in August 2003. Replicating the PEP model, the CWP also includes members from the private and people sectors, and is also supported by the STENT network. Its task, however, is to look at ways to achieve greater economy and less waste in the civil service.

To further the Cut Red Tape Movement in the Public Service, the Smart Regulations Committee (SRC) was also formed in May 2005 to improve the knowledge, awareness and practice of regulation. It was formed by reconstituting the former Cut Bureaucracy Committee and Rules Review Panel, to ensure that there is optimal regulation, and not over- or under-regulation beyond business rules in the Public Service.

Today, the PEP partners ACE, CWP and the SRC to create the best pro-business environment with optimal regulation. One example of this collaboration is the Pro-Enterprise Ranking Forum that is jointly held by PEP and ACE. At this forum the best practices of the top agencies are shared with other agencies in the quest to continually improve the whole Public Service.

The success of the PEP’s efforts has received interest from visiting delegations. The PEP model has been shared directly with countries such as Brunei, China, Finland, Indonesia, and Malaysia. It has also been used by various governments as a model in their reviews. For instance, the Queensland Government studied the PEP when it reviewed its legislative and regulatory reform initiatives in July 2006. The New Zealand Shadow Minister of Justice in 2004, Richard Worth, also used the PEP to illustrate a quick and decisive direct stakeholder-lead approach to unnecessary or cumbersome regulations.

The benefits of the PEP mechanism has also been shared in and used by international and research bodies. At the Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management (CAPAM) Conference in 2004, the PEP was highlighted as one of the initiatives that helped de-bureaucratise the public service and move the Singapore Government towards its goal of Many Agencies, One Government. The PEP’s role in creating a pro-business environment for SMEs was also highlighted at the Asia Pacific Economic Caucus (APEC) Ministerial Meeting in April 2006 and the Singapore Report for the United Nation’s Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in 2006. The PEP’s role in pushing rules review that helped Singapore through the Asian Crisis was similarly highlighted by the Institute of South East Asian Studies (ISEAS) in 2006.

(481 words)

Lessons Learned

 What are the impact of your initiative and the lessons learned?
A national vision for Singapore’s continued development brings together different interests towards a common goal. For the PEP, the vision of sustainable economic growth through the cultivation of a pro-enterprise environment has not only allowed businesses to be innovative and to seize opportunities timely, but has allowed the government to re-invent itself effectively.

The pro-enterprise movement has been successfully driven from the top, not just by political and public sector leaders, but also by business leaders. Within the Public Service, the PEP had to manage concerns faced by individual agencies. For some agencies, the nature of their regulatory activities and overarching priorities (e.g. security) makes it more difficult for them to be pro-enterprise. To secure buy-in from these agencies, the PEP had to manage their specific concerns. Where possible, the commitment from their senior management was secured to ensure effective review throughout the agency.

The PEP also has a mechanism to escalate the more complex and unresolved matters to higher authorities i.e. in cases where issues cannot be resolved by a single agency, they are escalated to the PEP chaired by the Head of Civil Service.

The active commitment of the business leader volunteers, driven by their passion and belief, is also crucial for the PEP. It is interesting to note that these business leaders do not simply champion the suggestions put up by businesses as a matter of course. There have been cases where they have defended the need to regulate certain activities, in the interest of public good.

These business leaders therefore help the rest of the business community realise that there is a need to maintain a balance between the need to regulate certain activities with the interests of businesses. Together with their Public Service counterparts, they know that it is not just about eliminating rules, but finding an optimal balance away from over- and under-regulation. And together, they work towards a win-win approach, which ensures the interests of both businesses and the general public are taken care of.

This win-win approach has led to a policy to regulate only critical aspects smartly, and the removal of many unnecessary regulations, making Singapore the most pro-enterprise country in the world. However, the effort cannot stop. With many agencies already adopting a pro-enteprise mindset, the PEP is focusing its effort on cross-agency issues and ensuring that the lead agency approach takes root. It has also started seconding officers from lower ranking agencies in the Pro-Enterprise Ranking survey to be actively involved in the PEP. These officers can share and impart the pro-enterprise mindset when they return to their agencies.

As the PEP continues to transform to stay relevant in a changing business environment, its track record shows that a Public Private Partnership can be an effective and sustainable way to improve the transparency, accountability, and responsiveness of the Public Service. By enhancing Singapore’s economic edge through welcoming diversity and enterprise, its ultimate contribution is in helping Singapore thrive as a nation of people connected and working together.

(498 words)

Contact Information

Institution Name:   Pro-Enterprise Panel
Institution Type:   Public-Private Partnership  
Contact Person:   Lui Hai Tan
Title:   Mr  
Telephone/ Fax:   (65) 63328449
Institution's / Project's Website:   (65) 63340306
E-mail:   tan_lui_hai@mti.gov.sg  
Address:   100, High Street, #04-04, The Treasury
Postal Code:   179434
City:   Singapore
State/Province:   Singapore
Country:   Singapore

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