CleanSYS
Ministry of Environment

The Problem

CleanSYS (Brand name of the Korean Continuous Emission Monitoring System) automatically monitors the quantity of air pollutants emitted from a network of operating smokestacks that are remotely linked to an online control center. This system permits continuous monitoring of a system of smokestacks that determines (in real-time) the amount of pollutants being emitted.

Establishment of heavy chemical industrial complexes was concentrated in the regions of Ulsan and Yeocheon in accordance with the Government’s strategy for encouraging heavy chemical industries in Korea during the 1960s and 1970s. Damages from the environmental pollution started to appear in the 1970s, at a time when the Government had a very limited understanding of environmental policy. During this period industries were not even aware of the need to install pollution control facilities, so tremendous damages (from pollutants) were afflicted upon local residents and agricultural products in the surrounding villages. In addition, these industrial complexes were unsystematically established in regions where land purchase was easy, however they were in close proximity to residential areas. The subsequent air pollution damages was extremely severe resulting in frequent disputes due to dangerous pollution levels and in some cases the resettlement of entire villages. The possibility of accidents (man-made or natural) and the potential exposure to highly toxic noxious chemicals (e.g., sulfuric acid and ammonia) left people fearful and important agricultural crops threatened.

The Ministry of Environment then designated two representative regions of Korea to serve as heavy chemical industry complexes, where special air conservation measures were launched. Special comprehensive measures to reduce the pollution were introduced in 1987 following consultations between relevant government departments and local governments. Key issues contained in the special comprehensive measures included but were not limited to; firstly, setting regional emission standards to upgrade and supplement facilities to reduce pollutants; secondly, implement regulations to use only low-sulfur fuels; thirdly, install automatic measuring devices on 41 smokestacks of 32 companies in order to reinforce the monitoring system for emission facilities; fourthly, adjust heights of 48 smokestacks of 25 companies; and fifthly, limit the number of new residents to the area.

CleanSYS was initially introduced as a policy to improve air quality that had seriously deteriorated during the rise of heavy chemical industrial complexes. With the rapid development of the IT technology in Korea during the 1990s the, current CleanSYS was established to link the entire nation in real-time.

Following the establishment of nationwide centers, the off-line system of the initial stage was converted into a web-based on-line system that later evolved into the system today that enables CleanSYS to be used anywhere and at anytime (24 hours a day) by supplementing the system using a Personal Digital Assistant(PDA).

The success of CleanSYS has been applied to the area of water quality control with future plans to test its’ reliability with indoor air quality.

Solution and Key Benefits

 What is the initiative about? (the solution)
Before CleanSYS was established, civil servants were compelled to climb up smokestacks to collect samples for laboratory analysis. This procedure exposed workers to danger and analytical results were only available one week after sampling. Companies therefore could only be fined for pollutants emitted and air quality control was focused on punishing the violators and not encouraging an incentive system.

CleanSYS, with the following advantages has been successful to resolve these and other problems related to air quality control:

Firstly, remote monitoring of air pollutants not only removed the danger to workers to scale high smokestacks but also reduced manpower overall.

Secondly, businesses were able to reduce air pollution levels and the number of violations incurred for having exceeded emission standards. Equally important is that an advance warning system can reduce air pollution levels through the utilization of automatic notification services (e.g., FAX, ARS and SMS). The implementation of the system has contributed toward improving corporate images among neighboring residents because black smoke has been eliminated. CleanSYS has also helped cooperating companies to reduce fuel and chemical treatment costs and this all results in higher profits. A 2006 survey revealed that there was a reduction of approximately 64 million dollars in corporate expenditures, signifying that on the average each company saved 1.7 million dollars. If this average reduction is extrapolated to the all the businesses where CleanSYS has been installed, then the total reduction in costs exceeds 631 million dollars. An additional annual cost reduction of 6.8 million dollars was achieved through the elimination of monthly self-diagnoses.

Thirdly, neighboring residents are now able to breathe cleaner air and began viewing the factories as a pillar of the regional economy rather than as the main cause of pollution detrimental to the health and well being of their families and friends.

Fourthly, CleanSYS has been installed in only 10% of the total number of large businesses, however, these same businesses account for 50% of the total air pollutants in Korea. While the number of businesses installing CleanSYS has increased 20% in 2006, the quantity of pollutants emitted by them has decreased by 21%. Conversion of such reductions into social costs would signify an estimated annual saving of approximately 1 billion dollars.

CleanSYS received the ‘Korea Environmental Grand Award’ by the Chosun Daily, one of the major newspapers in Korea, in 2002. CleanSYS was selected as an outstanding case in the area of environmental informatization within the ROK Office of Prime Minister in 2004, and one of only10 major innovative brands in Korea in 2006. The excellence of CleanSYS earned it ISO9001 Certification in 2007, and the system is now being introduced into the areas of water quality and noise pollution.

Actors and Stakeholders

 Who proposed the solution, who implemented it and who were the stakeholders?
Major cities of the Republic of Korea are positioned on hills or in basins. Urbanization and an increasing population in a relatively small land area has brought factories in closer proximity to residential area with negative impacts on the health of local peoples

In the past security guards stationed at the entrance of factories blocked civil servants (who would run to factories belching black smoke to collect samples) from entering the site. Factory environmental supervisors had to use any means, including alteration of processing conditions, to lower the concentration of air pollutants when sampling. Trustworthy monitoring systems were established to resolve these and other challenges; however it required an automatic and continuous program.

CleanSYS was developed in response to the needs of factory owners, civil servants in charge of factories, and local peoples.

The former system of air quality control required individuals to dangerously climb smokestacks to collect (by hand) samples and if the sample exceeded emission standards then the polluter would be fined. This system was problematic to both factory owners and the monitoring agency officials. Furthermore, pollution levels could not be verified in advance and factories were only inspected on established dates or when local residents reported a problem after the event.

Consequently, the Ministry of Environment (MoE) developed CleanSYS and launched the program at two demonstration sites where air pollution was especially noticeable. Administrative and technical components of the system are handled by MoE and the Environmental Management Corporation (Div. of National Institute of Environmental Research), respectively.

The Ministry studied systems from other countries and decided to develop a nation-wide online network with the conviction that real-time on-line management was essential if CleanSYS was to succeed. It couldn’t prevent emission of air pollutants by existing off-line way. Additionally, the online remote checking of measuring devices was essential to verify the normal operation of measuring devices.

The law was amended to permit the installation of more advanced measuring devices on smokestacks, and provided sufficient time for companies to replace out-dated or aged facilities and/or the addition of pollution control devices. CleanSYS thereby encourages factories to invest in the most advanced air quality control devices rather than only fining them for air quality levels exceeding recommended ranges.

In summary, CleanSYS is a system that provides cleaner air to people, reduced environmental costs to polluters, and promotes transparency and accountability.

(a) Strategies

 Describe how and when the initiative was implemented by answering these questions
 a.      What were the strategies used to implement the initiative? In no more than 500 words, provide a summary of the main objectives and strategies of the initiative, how they were established and by whom.
Korea first attempted to introduce CleanSYS in 1988 in Ulsan and Onsan. However, this initial attempt failed for the following reasons: weak legal basis, absence of specialized organization, and inability to ensure the reliability of the system. Despite the setback the Ministry of Environment understood the necessity to introduce CleanSYS to address the air pollution problems in industrial complexes, so the Ministry (in cooperation with the Environmental Management Corporation) introduced CleanSYS again in 1997, this time in Yeosoo.

The Ministry determined, based on an analysis of the past, that the foremost issue was cooperation with companies. Companies installed monitoring system complained balance with other companies not installed because it would monitor them all the time even though they had to pay all cost for installation the system. Although the Ministry of Environment attempted to persuade the companies, it was difficult to break the stereotype due to deeply embedded awareness that their factories are being monitored in real-time.

By introducing the ARS system that automatically warns (via facsimile or cell phone) factory personnel that emission levels exceed allowable standards and forecasts future high levels, the system opened the way to voluntary management of their processes.

The Ministry also convened a seminar for cases of outstanding CleanSYS operation in order to raise the awareness that the operation and management of automatic smokestack monitors does not only place additional difficulties and economic burdens on the companies, but also offer economic assistance for the companies if the production facilities are improved by utilizing the collected data actively and assertively.

Currently the companies are encouraged to discover and present cases of outstanding CleanSYS operation that can be applied to other companies in the same field.

Only monitoring devices that verified the preset standards were allowed to be installed through standardization of measuring range and models of devices, The reliability of the monitoring and transmission system was secured by implementing a signal check and comparison test on whether transmitted data from measuring devices was accurate. In addition, monitoring systems were required to be subjected to regular annual inspections.

A new protocol for CleanSYS was developed to resolve some of the problems that arose from the non-transmission of data and specifications of various equipments were standardized. Furthermore, a remote control system was established in order to solve the problem of collecting missed data due to temporary troubles in networks, equipment, or servers.

(b) Implementation

 b.      What were the key development and implementation steps and the chronology? No more than 500 words
The successful implementation of CleanSYS may be viewed in the following stages:, introductory in which problems were outlined following installation of the first monitoring system; phased preparatory stage in which CleanSYS was installed nationwide; stabilization stage in which data is being accumulated as administrative information; and the take-off stage where the brand name was established and the system brought online.

CleanSYS was introduced as a policy to improve air quality in heavy chemical industrial complexes in 1980’s, and the CleanSYS project commenced with 32 companies in 1987, and a series of measures were taken including installation order from the administrative authority on 31 companies in 1988.

During the period 1989 - 1992, CleanSYS was installed on 139 smokestacks of 62 companies in two major heavy chemical industrial complexes in Korea. The CleanSYS Project during the introductory stage was pursued as a project monitoring system and transmission system. The monitoring system was developed and installed in 1992.

CleanSYS was not operational until the 1990s resulting in an initial failure to accomplish the original goal of air pollutants reduction through full time monitoring. One of the key factors disrupting the normal operation of the CleanSYS was a lack of technological capabilities of the business entities and equipment suppliers. To resolve this situation, a new management format was proposed.

Therefore unification of communication protocol, selection of institution to be put in full charge of the operation, and supplementation of relevant laws were pursued from 1997 to 2002 to normalize the CleanSYS. In 1997 a foundation for CleanSYS including the establishment of control center for the Honam Region was implemented. Four additional regional control centers (including Yeongnam Region, Capital Region and Central Region) were subsequently established, and CleanSYS expanded nationwide.

Legal basis for CleanSYS was established by enacting regulations on attaching measurements, establishing transmission network, and administrative actions on monitoring in 1999. CleanSYS in Yeocheon and Ulsan was assigned to the Environmental Management Corporation. CleanSYS was launched in four Regions, and the number of companies involved has grown annually. The Yeongnam, Honam and Central region control center was completed in 2002. As of June 2007 451 companies and 1,078 smokestacks have enrolled in this program.

CleanSYS was converted to a more user-friendly web-based system in 2005. Companies are currently able to verify the levels of emissions from their smokestacks at any time and from any place in the world where there is internet access. Promotion of the policy for CleanSYS was initiated in 2006, and the possibility of introducing the CleanSYS of Korea to China is under discussion. In 2007 the CleanSYS was introduced anytime and anywhere through PDA.

(c) Overcoming Obstacles

 c.      What were the main obstacles encountered? How were they overcome? No more than 500 words
When CleanSYS was first introduced the companies recognized the justification for installation, however there were major objections to the high installation and operational costs as well as the burden of having to retain a relevant specialist. Additionally, they objected to the idea of real-time monitoring and the disparity between those companies who used the system and those that were at first against it or undecided. Initially monitoring systems were left in disrepair when they broke down because companies did not yet acknowledge their important role in profit generation..

Different equipment from various countries was initially installed without proper standards so only 70% of the transmitted data was useful for analysis. For instance, when even erroneous data was transmitted to the control center due to breakdown of the monitoring system, there was no standard or system that could distinguish whether the data is right or not. Yet another major obstacle was that at the time Clean SYS was introduced the IT industry in Korea was not yet well developed so the program could not be expanded nationwide.

To overcome these challenges the Ministry of Environment did the following: 1. Organized seminars where the “experts” could explain the technological details of the system; 2. Provided technological support related to installation of monitoring systems; and 3. . Promoted the sharing of relevant technology and information by convening seminars where experts could describe how CleanSYS could maximize company profits by encouraging the rational and ecological friendly operation of these factories that ultimately improved the corporate image as stewards of nature.

Environmental Management Corporation prepared to establish a control center and to means to ensure reliability on measured data from the business sites.

When the monitoring system was first installed, verifications were made on whether the system had been installed and were transmitting data in accordance with the relevant standards. In addition, it was verified whether the monitoring system was transmitting accurate values through a comparative analysis. Administrative and relevant technological support was provided for the company sites at which monitoring systems had been installed. Through such efforts the previous data transmission ratio of 70% was increased to 100%, thereby enabling the administrative usage of the received data.

Through the above-mentioned process, data was approved by all the administrative authorities and business sites, and there were no objections from the companies when these data were used as real time administrative data.

(d) Use of Resources

 d.      What resources were used for the initiative and what were its key benefits? In no more than 500 words, specify what were the financial, technical and human resources’ costs associated with this initiative. Describe how resources were mobilized
There was a need for systematically specialized organization for the success of CleanSYS and IT environment. One of the reasons for the failure at the initial introduction in 1988 was a poor IT environment in Korea at the time to support the system, and the lack of a specialized organization and know-how to implement the system.

By boldly outsourcing the technical aspects to an external specialist organization, the Ministry of Environment could concentrate on the administrative aspects and set reasonable standards for regulation.

Protests from companies were reduced by gradual expansion of the standard for business sites to be subjected to installation of smokestack monitoring system from the existing large companies to small companies. In addition, legal system was established by replacing the data produced from erroneous monitoring system with reliable data. Data secured through such a process is being utilized as material in determining the emission standard for each facility.

In 2005, measured data through closed network was converted to web system that could be opened to public in real time and normal operation of the monitoring system could be performed at home during after work hours or on weekends. The previous (prior to conversion) system relied on sending (through ARS) notification to the company personnel in charge of business site. This person then contacts the on-site factory personnel who goes on to verify and notify the personnel in charge. However, with conversion to a web-based system, the personnel in charge can verify the data of the corresponding business site at home upon ARS notification.

In 2006, brand name of CleanSYS was decided upon. At this time, the CleanSYS was converted into a business site user-oriented system rather than a tool for regulation. Civil complaints regarding smokestack emissions could then be received online rather than fax, and in 2007, a ubiquitous system was established by making CleanSYS using PDA, so there was no limitation of time and place to operate CleanSYS.

Sustainability and Transferability

  Is the initiative sustainable and transferable?
Efforts have been made to ensure data reliability and improvement in the transmission ratio with the goal of a stabilized nation-wide operation of the CleanSYS. Following stabilized expansion of the implementation throughout the country in 2002, continuous supplementary works were carried out to improve the services provided qualitatively.

CleanSYS was initially designed as an off-line system. Business sites at which monitoring system was installed could not verify their own data, and had many difficulties to the procedure. To address this problem the system which before could only be accessed by the operator, was converted in 2005 into a web-based system to enable company personnel to access data from factory emissions 24 hours a day from any site (including office or home).

Procedures were improved by linking the data on pollutants emitted from the smokestacks. Voluntary investment into environment by the companies were induced by reducing the cost for pollution control facilities, and by making means of improving procedures by using the CleanSYS of individual business sites through regularly scheduled annual seminar of cases of outstanding CleanSYS operation. These corporate efforts were shared through the mass media (e.g., newspapers, TV, radio, etc.), and greatly improved the public image of the companies.

On the basis of such performances of CleanSYS, total quantity management system from the business sites was implemented in 2007 in capital region. The CleanSYS, which originally focused on large capacity business sites in industrial complexes and concentration regulation-oriented, was gradually applied to the management of small factories’ smokestacks in the vicinity of the residents in the capital region.

New construction or expansion of an existing factory was only permitted if the additional emissions would not cause the total level of emissions (established for the capital region) to be exceeded, and also allowed trading of rights for emission quantity of pollutants.

Additionally, CleanSYS standards were applied to the area of water quality monitoring. These efforts are spearheading the prevention of water pollution by transmitting ARS or SMS messages to relevant authorities before levels are exceeded and pollution occurs. Similar to smokestack monitoring this occurs through real time transmission.

The excellence of CleanSYS has been widely promoted at international exhibitions. Other countries in Asia have adopted the system and most notable is the PR China, a country very much in need of state-of-the-art environmental monitoring technologies considering its high dependency on very polluting high sulfur coal for power generation and the observation that a significant amount of South Korea’s air pollution originates in China. ,. In November 2007, these efforts resulted in the implementation of a MOU between the two countries. Seminars in Qingdao, China, provided an opportunity for Korean researchers to explain the technological achievements of CleanSYS with Chinese air quality experts.

It is anticipated that CleanSYS will play a substantial role in reducing air pollutants (e.g., heavy metals) and particulates (i.e., Dust & Sand) that are transported by prevailing winds to Korea and other NE Asian countries (e.g., Japan) every spring.

Lessons Learned

 What are the impact of your initiative and the lessons learned?
The first key element in the success of the CleanSYS is reliability. Both the party that implements regulations and the party being regulated trust the data and do not raise objections to the fair standards. Sampling analysis prior to implementation of CleanSYS was conducted manually by trained personnel. People could not trust the monitored values generated because different technicians generated (based on subjectivity and biases) substantial differences in results and variable conditions associated with manual analysis. Almost all of the procedures at the factory emphasized productivity and ignored environmental considerations. Under such circumstances, monitoring system was installed at the end of the procedure. All the standards were changed to satisfy the concentration measured by the monitoring system at the smokestack since the monitoring system was attached to the final stage of the procedure. This induced investment into pollution control facilities to satisfy standards and procedures improved. Monitoring systems which cost 0.1% of the entire value of the factory became the standard for everything. Environmental consequences have now become the most important priority for the companies, and this is only feasible when both the regulators and those regulated trust in CleanSYS. There is no company denying CleanSYS, which has already been verified and gained confidence.

The second key element is a change in mindset. If the CleanSYS had been created for regulations only, then it would have experienced another failure within several years.. If it had been established only for management of pollutants or administrative actions, then there would not have been services such as ARS or SMS. Business sites minimized disadvantages of administrative punishment by using advanced notification service prior to exceeding the preset standard, and were induced to reduce the pollution voluntarily. Conversion into a web-based system in 2005, brand naming of the system in 2006 and establishment of a ubiquitous system in 2007 were the byproducts of changing conception oriented towards the convenience and benefits to users instead of regulation.

The third key element is ensuring technological capability. The initial introduction of CleanSYS was a failure because technological capabilities could not be ensured. The Ministry of Environment was able to resolve this problem by assigning the Ministry and the Environmental Management Corporation to be responsible for administrative aspects and technological aspects, respectively. Standards for relevant technology were set and a dual back-up system established to enable 100% transmission of all data. This permitted utilization (without any loss) of all data as administrative information. It was possible to upgrade the system to prevent environmental problems through advanced notification prior to occurrence of pollution by linking the system in real time by using wired and wireless connections.

Contact Information

Institution Name:   Ministry of Environment
Institution Type:   Government Agency  
Contact Person:   Kwang-Hee NAM
Title:   Director  
Telephone/ Fax:   +82-2-2110-6561
Institution's / Project's Website:   +82-2-504-9277
E-mail:   khnam4241@me.go.kr  
Address:   Government Complex-Gwacheon 1, Joongang-dong
Postal Code:   427-729
City:   Gwacheon
State/Province:   Gyeonggi-do
Country:  

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