Recruitment and Assesment Computerisation
KSCSTE
India

The Problem

Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) is the primary governmental agency that solely handles all the human resource related requirements of all the state government and public sector undertakings inside the Kerala State. On an average 10 million applications are scrutinized and over 2000 competitive exams are conducted annually for selecting the right candidate for the right job keeping into mind the caste reservation rules. It also provides advice to the government issues relating to promotion, punishment of the state government employees. It is headquartered at Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram and is organized into 14 district offices as well as 3 regional offices. The Head office/Regional Offices handles mostly the statewide selection where candidates from all districts appear to a common test. The District Office takes care of the local district wise selections.
In terms of quality of life indicators like literacy, life expectancy and infant mortality, the state of Kerala is ahead not only of the rest of the country but of almost all developing nations. Indeed, Kerala is often held up as an outstanding model of high social development in the developing world. In stark contrast is Kerala's low level of economic development. This is manifested most notably in a very pronounced incidence of unemployment which is three to five times higher than the all-India average. All the Government Sector recruitment was carried out by KPSC. Due to Manual handling, sorting and inefficient hierarchies and procedures, the candidates who file an application was forced to wait for over 3 years to know the status of his submitted application, and will have to undergo written test and again wait for about 2-3 years for the result to be out. As a result of this huge delay associated with the application processing. The applications started piling up and the pending application were in the tune of 1-2 Crores.The inordinate delay also created a big gap in the demand-supply ratio of the Government Officers in the State. The project involved the computerization of the recruitment process; internetworking of its offices and leveraging the ICT technologies deliver efficient services to its users. Making the right information available to the right people in the right time right in their desktops.

Solution and Key Benefits

 What is the initiative about? (the solution)
The results after establishing the project have been stupendous. It has become the talk of State. The project has had a tremendous impact in furthering the digital divide. It has been able to provide the applicants /citizens services in a user friendly and hassle free manner. The grievances they poster online were acknowledged and transferred to appropriate officer’s seat for speedy redressal.
Quick, efficient and transparent processing: The citizens are surprised and is highly enthusiastic by the speed at which their needs are getting attended without running from pillar to post as done earlier.
Web based information and enquiry processing.
Public satisfaction over the transparency and speed are demonstrated through feedback forms, in different symposia etc. The system is generating a good public response all over the State; statistics reveal that on an average 1.5 million persons makes uses of the Portal monthly.
Complete computerization of the existing Application processing process and Valuation (assessment) at KPSC helped in reducing the time lag in bringing out ranked lists considerably and helped in minimizing the number of pending applications to processed.
Scanning of Applications and a secure archival technique with backup facility helped minimize application loss.
Computerization of the recruitment procedure could save about 40 to 100 lakhs of Rupees per annum to the Government. This was affected by reducing the stationery from many pages required for writing a essay type written exam to a single OMR sheet when objective type tests were adopted.
Making the answer sheet evaluation through OMR machines, valuation fee proceeds to evaluators were eliminated. Also the Postage/ Parcel charges associated with transfer of answer sheets to and from each examiner could also be eliminated, The time required and effort required for evaluation and making mark list was minimized by introducing high speed printers for printing mark lists and other MIS reports.
The sales proceeds of the Application forms fetched a sum of 20Crore Rupees for the last 4 years
Reduced the travel associated with writing an exam thereby reducing the cost involved in travel
Reduced number of times travel was needed for obtaining information /records.
Moreover the computerization and system networking (WAN) has helped in improvement of internal efficiency and co-ordination between the various wings and geographically spread District offices of KPSC.
Unified processing practice has increased the efficiency and has brought in transparency and has enabled to optimally allocate resources amongst various offices/sections to deliver the goals in a short span.

Actors and Stakeholders

 Who proposed the solution, who implemented it and who were the stakeholders?
The nominee was working as Systems Manager and was solely responsible for the execution of the computerization of Kerala Public Service Commission. The promising results generated by the project has generated enthusiasm among other Public Service Commissions in India and they have send in their officials to study so that the same could be replicated at their end. These are a pointer to and a clear amplification of the efforts put in by the nominee and his passion for harnessing the potential of ICT in furthering the development. It has been conceptualized, planned and implemented taking into confidence the existing staff members of KPSC, overcoming their initial inertia and lethargy. It was a truly participatory effort where all the stake holders like the applicant representatives, civil bodies, line departments in Government, and the insiders were consulted and it’s with their consent the project was steered. He has just made the earlier complex processes very simple and was particular to see that the processed did mature and attain sufficient critical mass so that it is not undone by the successors, inadvertently or deliberately. Innovation has been one thing the nominee constantly harps on in. He has brought in the bar coding system for acknowledging the Application receipt in Tappal section to tracking the application down. OMR machine-readable formats have been introduced for Application processing as well as Valuation-post examination processes cutting short the time and cost involved when compared to the earlier manual system. The project has now evolved in such a way that it has a look and feel that was not envisaged during it conception. The nominee has made tremendous contribution in furthering the cause of Information Technology in providing speedy services in the e-governance sector. The citizens now feel truly empowered and the corruption and nepotism has reduced considerably and there is manifold increase in the efficiency and accountability.

(a) Strategies

 Describe how and when the initiative was implemented by answering these questions
 a.      What were the strategies used to implement the initiative? In no more than 500 words, provide a summary of the main objectives and strategies of the initiative, how they were established and by whom.
A base line study was conducted by expert groups drawn internally and externally to assess the needs of the end users especially the rural population, particularly women, disabled people and youth. A participatory approach involving the stakeholders was realized through the creation of a web site, which provides comprehensive, interactive information services to the end users. Since the Information Technology penetration in rural areas of Kerala were not that high, information about this venture was publicized through local newspapers and an online bulletin board was setup allowing the stakeholders (even without an email-id) to electronically submit comments and suggestions. The large quantum of information thus pooled could be subjected to impact analysis and evaluation helping to arrive at right decisions. It also helped us to assess the needs and aspirations of the job seekers and general public. The other stakeholder being the Govt. of Kerala, KPSC from historical records know the needs of the Govt. Other peers in this group are the officials working at KPSC, who had only minimal/no exposure to Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), and many of who was comfortable working the old way. Different training programs were carried out to impart ICT skills and soft skills among the staff (just in time and just enough learning) helping them to carry out their day-to-day business electronically, continuous refresher courses are given for specific areas for achieving increased productivity.
All the information that was flowing had to be sifted through and understood at a basic level. For this the concerned individuals had to be educated in using the system. For bridging the gap, services of technical people working outside like Professors dealing with IT, Industrialist, System mangers of other departments etc were included in a panel of technical experts. For core maintenance, metadata data entry, processing, manning the scanning stations, the departmental staff were specially exposed to an intensive training in the areas mentioned. The higher level and middle level officers were also given appropriate training to have control over their subordinates and in efficient monitoring and management of resource utilization patterns.

The people most knowledgeable about what currently works, and what needs to be changed, are those who are doing the job. So for implementing a successful change to IT related process, we had to rely on their workforce for the detailed design and implementation of new organizational arrangements and service programs. In any situation involving the application of knowledge, the most valuable working wisdom available is that of “knowing what not to do or even to try”. This was effected by consulting the details of implementation with the staff who have experience in doing things manually at KPSC. The newly trained manpower was given entirely new set of rules and an entirely flat hierarchy, they were taught what to do and what not to do. Many of the decision making capacity was handed over to then reducing the time lag, a clear cut demarcation as to what all decision can be made and what all decisions need concurrence from higher officials were clearly made known to them. Champions, opinion leaders who has illustrated good performance during the initial phase of implementations were identified and rewarded by giving them up lead roles and assigned the task of sharing their experience with their peers. They in turn interacted with other staff members and thus knowledge sharing was effected. Good practices were given highlight and the lessons learned were share among the staff members. These in turn resulted in informal brainstorming sessions and could synthesize new ideas and use patterns and efficient usage of resources.

(b) Implementation

 b.      What were the key development and implementation steps and the chronology? No more than 500 words
The offices geographically distributed throughout the Districts of the State were linked using a WAN to facilitate information exchange. This helped to distribute the application processing work attached to one office to be processed fully or partially at any of the offices thereby ensuring the optimum utilisation of human and machine resources in achieving the results.

The internetworking of the offices helped a lot in decentralisation of the decision making process, more information was made avialble for the officers working in those offices as a result they could make decisions instantly and could deliver any service which were previously offered only at the head office locally. Eg issuing duplicate copies of Admission tickets to candidates appearing for a particular exam from district offices even for State wide selections.

With the IT infrastructure in place the number of applications were minimised, existing process were either re-engineerd or refined. The conventional application forms were supplemented by the introduction of a new application form in Optical Mark Reader (OMR) recognizable format and OMR scanners were introduced for scanning in the application details, minimizing the data entry process and errors, cuting short previous steps like sorting and categorising the application and even conditional rejection, relating to admisibility of the application, which were handled by the computer program. Relevent reports could be generated and the candidates were given examination centres nearer to their home town, facilitating lesser travel. Examination processes were subjected to re-engineering and the exams that used to be descriptive (essay type) was converted to objective multiple choice model. Answer sheet was also subjected to modification; an OMR readble answer sheet was designed keping in mind confidentiality. The answer sheet was so degned that it contained two seperable sides- one carrying the secret barcode and the answers and the other portion carrying his personal information. The candidates are asked to split both parts of the Answer sheets along the perforations after writing the exams and packed seperately to ensure secrecy. The introduction of OMR valuation and computerised processing of answer sheets resulted in faster processing of results and bring out results very easily. It is first time in the 50 year history of KPSC that it could bring out the result of a very big selection LC-clerk, various govt departments a selection involving (16 Lakhs Candidates) within a span of one year. Now the selction is made annual, previously it took 5 years to bring out the result. Now the process has been replicated thrice. The study also found out that there was significant overlap and redundancy with multiple departments performing same tasks, like preparation of pending applications on each section and consolidation of reports from district offices etc, with the Use of new IT infrastructure Pending reports and may other reports can be obtained using a mouse click eliminating redundancy and enhancing the efficiency. The Staff identified at the district office as IT officers were given athority to take decisions locally and only certain policy related stuff may be refered to the Head Office, decentralization of decision making encouraged the motivation and creativity, amd helped many minds to work simultaneously on the same set of problems and helped in fast and efficient decision making eliminating unecessary tiers in the heirarchy of decsion making.

(c) Overcoming Obstacles

 c.      What were the main obstacles encountered? How were they overcome? No more than 500 words
The biggest challenge faced by the Leader is the ‘people' problem – that is, in getting the staff’s buy-in, support and commitment and in successfully linking the process to a cohesive change management Programme involving its three main tenets namely transition management, communication management and benefits realization. The program implementation was successful because of the ability of the leader to sustain change and to measure success in the context of a change in mindset/culture and making the staff work and making them feel that they are a part of the system.

Though there was some resistance from the existing staff in the early days of the implementation, as they perceived that the computerization is a threat to their job security, token strike and non co-operation moves were there. This was overcome by educating the opinion leaders of the benefits of the ICT and also assured that there will not be a lay offs or retrenchment, instead the existing semi skilled workers will be transformed into knowledge workers by providing appropriate training.

(d) Use of Resources

 d.      What resources were used for the initiative and what were its key benefits? In no more than 500 words, specify what were the financial, technical and human resources’ costs associated with this initiative. Describe how resources were mobilized
Financial resources in the form of Plan Funding was mobilized from the State Government's Planing Board. A project proposals along with a SWOT analysis and Techo-economic feasibility report was send to the planning board. The project was planned in a phased manner. The experts after peer review has recommended and the funds were made available in phases.

Sustainability and Transferability

  Is the initiative sustainable and transferable?
Savings to the tune of millions of Rupees could be made by reducing the stationery from many pages required for writing a essay type exam to a single Optical Mark machine readable sheet when objective type tests was introduced.

By Designing a New OMR machine readable application Form and dispensing the old conventional non standardized format, decreased the steps involved in the processing cycle and the new form was charged 10 Rupees. The Sales Proceeds of the Application forms fetched a sum of 20 Crores during last 4 years. The revenue generated is sufficient to sustain the project.

Lessons Learned

 What are the impact of your initiative and the lessons learned?
The biggest lesson learned is that the success of any key e-gov implementation depends on stakeholder consultation and participation. The group of stakeholders that are neglected quite often, "the Insiders", their participation and support could be ensured at the highest level and it contributed a great lot in the successful implementation of the project.

Contact Information

Institution Name:   KSCSTE
Institution Type:   Government Agency  
Contact Person:   Sabarish Karunakar
Title:   Systems Manager  
Telephone/ Fax:   919447811556
Institution's / Project's Website:   2540085
E-mail:   sabarish_k@yahoo.com  
Address:   CRA-181, Chadiyara Lane
Postal Code:   695012
City:   Trivandrum
State/Province:   Kerala
Country:   India

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