E-Passport Outreach
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand (Consular Department)
Thailand

The Problem

The most challenging tasks for passport issuance service at the time were:
(1) Negotiating with increasing demand for passports;
(2) Quickening work process speeds to reduce all costs including opportunity costs for the benefits of both customers and service provider;
(3) Manufacturing best products. In the context, this means upgrading Thai passports to meet the trend of internationally recognized standard, and make border crossing more convenient and less time-consuming ;
(4) Making passports service accessible to the population throughout the country to promote equality among different groups of citizens.
Over the span of 5 years (1998 to 2002), the numbers of passport applications per year increased dramatically, from 500,000 to 900,000 due to globalization that has brought about a great demand for passports. It was estimated that if the Consular Department did not restructure the passport service, by 2008, the main passport office would have to accommodate 300 applicants waiting each hour.
Coping with increasing demand is a challenge, especially when the work process involved as many as 7 steps and a number of identity documents are needed to verify genuine identity.
The slow work process was largely due to lack of computerized system.
Visual and manual work process could do only little to help protect passport from modern methods of document forgery and fraud. Forged passports and abuse of identity are useful tools for criminals, especially for terrorism, illegal immigration, dual citizenship, and human trafficking.
Moreover, MFA was often asked to bring equality in passport service to all social groups. People living in remote areas had much less access to passport service than those living in the capital or big cities. Travel costs were rather high in terms of time and money. Some people had to ride a public bus or a train as far as 700 kilometers spending 1-2 days to commute to the nearest passport office. Many spent at least 3,000 Baht (nearly 100 USD) for 2 return trips, for application and for pick-up. People living in poverty, the unemployed and the poor pilgrims were the most affected groups. For the country, travel costs alone incurred from 23,000 applicants making their trip from remote areas, accounted for 69 million Baht
(appx. 2 million USD) per year in early 2000’s.
A new holistic concept to overhaul the entire passport issuance service was initiated in early 2000’s. Firstly, E-passport Project was introduced to promote convenience and timeliness, higher quality of passport, and reduction of paperwork.
Secondly, a plan for opening more regional offices and for more frequent operation of mobile passport unit was brought up for review to provide more access
to a wider population. Thirdly, other elements, such as feed back system through several channels and courtesy concept were incorporated into the overhaul to make a holistic improvement to passport service structure.

Solution and Key Benefits

 What is the initiative about? (the solution)
Streamlining the application process by using Biometrics technology in “e-
passport” system reduces 7 service points to one-stop service point and reduces application time per case to 15 minutes. Online linkage with national registration database resulted in much fewer identity documents required. A step towards a paperless office was made as identity documents are scanned and stored in a database. In terms of security, the e-passport, with its extensive printing security features, Biometrics technology, contactless microchip and public key encryption, effectively prevents identity fraud. No successful counterfeit or tampering of e-passport has yet been discovered since project launch. The e-passport using both facial recognition and fingerprint matching technology is above ICAO baseline standard and significantly supports the international community in combating transnational issues by identifying travelers of high risk concerns from the whole low risk public.
Coupling with e-passport project, an “outreach plan” had been reviewed.
Since mid 2000’s, 7 new branches have been established in various provinces to cover the radius of 150 kilometres around each office. Besides, the MFA makes an annual plan to deploy a roving passport unit to visit 35 provinces out of 76 provinces across the country. The burdens of making pick up trips were leveraged with Express Mail Service (EMS) to distribute passports. People living wherever in the country could now enjoy the same convenient service and need not spend too much time and travel expenses. From 2005 to now, the country saved as much as 40,000 million Baht (appx. 1,250 million USD) for over 2 million applicants. This sum of money certainly contributed to the prosperity of the local economy.
To be better responsive to the customers, MFA introduced stronger public relations campaign. Questionnaires and surveys were accumulated on a monthly basis. A website was developed, catchy messages for radio programs and attractive printed media were created to provide necessary information for potential applicants. Advance booking for application are available via telephone and internet. Experienced personnel are tasked to station at assigned phone lines and at customer service unit to provide additional information and find a favorable solution for grievance and complaints.
As a cumulative result of the work revolution, Thailand passport system has enjoyed appreciation from the Thai public. This is reflected in the monthly public satisfaction surveys where over 90 % of applicants were satisfied. Applicants’ comments included: “Surprisingly speedy and convenient”, “Sending a roving unit to our door steps saves a lot. , “Nice talk and nice manner”, etc. And since the new passport system repeatedly won outstanding public service awards at national level, it became a service model attracting study visits from both domestic and foreign countries.

Actors and Stakeholders

 Who proposed the solution, who implemented it and who were the stakeholders?
The solution is relevant to government policy in mid 2000’s to develop the structure for a new concept of e-government. For e-passport project, the MFA and the Ministry of Information Communication Technology were tasked to develop the project. In 2004, the MFA initiated outsourcing program for private companies to provide passport processing and production with the implementation of Biometrics technology. Academia, private sectors and high ranking government officials were sought for advice on various concerns including technical and project operations. The MFA has set up 4 Committees to design details of the new passport, its application and production system including IT infrastructure. This committee also served to liaise and translate needs between the MFA and the private companies. The Passport Division under the Consular Department, MFA supervises overall process of project development to ensure Thai public maximum satisfaction in service.
For the outreach plan, communication channels and customer-oriented attitude, the officials at Consular Department were tasked to make breakthrough initiatives. At times, coordination with parties concerned was also made. These concerned parties include the Ministry of Interior, provincial governor’s offices, community leaders and religious leaders, the Department of Information and journalists.

(a) Strategies

 Describe how and when the initiative was implemented by answering these questions
 a.      What were the strategies used to implement the initiative? In no more than 500 words, provide a summary of the main objectives and strategies of the initiative, how they were established and by whom.
The main objectives for the initiative are as follows:
- To reduce application time and waiting time
- To upgrade Thai passports to meet ICAO and ISO standard that will
facilitate border crossings and help combat transnational issues
- To reduce paperwork for the release of space in passport offices
- To promote equality to all groups of Thai citizens especially those
living in remote area, living in poverty, wishing to make pilgrimage overseas and the unemployed.
- To reduce costs incurred from making trips to passport offices
- To open new channel for communication and upgrade the quality of
customer service.
- To improve coordination with parties concerned for increasing efficiency, especially trying to find the right contact points that can make a real difference.

To achieve these objectives, the below strategies were employed :
- The MFA must incorporate modern technology to streamline passport
application process, adhering to one-stop-service policy, reduce application time and waiting time as much as possible.
- The MFA should outsource outside IT expertise to overcome constraints
of inadequate IT personnel and to reduce the government’s burden of routine jobs which is time-consuming and resource-consuming, giving officials much more time and energy to concentrate on more complicated cases.
- The MFA must maintain its role to supervise passport system operation
and production to ensure maximum quality of service and to strengthen security measures. The MFA must also control the overall process and improvement at each steps of the back-office process and collateral systems integration
- Committees of experts shall be set up to design the project in
details with an aim to meet ICAO and ISO standard for e-Travel Documents
- Collecting and storing frequently used and significant data into a
data base for such data to be retrieved instantaneously when necessary by authorities concerned, for the reduction of paperwork and paper storage space and for prevention of data loss or missing evidence.
- The MFA should revise its plans for opening more regional offices and
for more frequent operation of mobile passport unit in remote areas to outreach to a wider population, to reduce costs incurred from making trips to passport offices and to promote equality among different groups of citizens.
- The MFA should implement stronger public relations campaign though diverse communication channels, i.e., website, telephone, customer service unit, printed media, radio broadcasting, questionnaires and surveys, etc. Strengthen coordination with the right contact points to make PR plan most efficient.
- The MFA and the outsourced company should work together to constantly train service personnel on service-mind, professionalism, articulation, courtesy, fraud detection. Operation and trouble-shooting manuals for smooth service delivery shall be produced.

(b) Implementation

 b.      What were the key development and implementation steps and the chronology? No more than 500 words
For e-passport project, since the “e-government” policy was introduced
, the MFA and its Committees started conceptualizing the new e-passport and its attributes since late 2004. The MFA and the committees closely monitored emerging global standard on the related technologies and sending MFA personnel to attend various meetings on standardizing the use of new technologies in the innovative
e-passport, including those conducted by ICAO with the cooperation of ISO, and the Government Discussion Forum on Electronic Identity Documents.
Once the Committee was certain of the technological trends and perceived the project feasible, the MFA then focused on the application procedure adjustments along with the technical redesign of the production process. These concepts were written out on TOR developed as a basis for bidding that took place in mid 2005. The first e-passports, of diplomatic and official types, were issued as part of a pilot launch. By August 2005, all new Thai passports issued are now e-passports. Currently, Thailand has already issued nearly 4 million e-passports,
amounted to more than half of Thai passports in circulation. MFA of Thailand continuously closely monitor global standards and trends on the related technologies
For the outreach plan, year by year, since 2004, the MFA has established 7 new branches in the provinces including one in the deep South, then an area affected by occasional unfortunate incidents. Year round roving application units to distant provinces has increased in number of visits. In 2008, the roving application units made almost 40 trips including 4 quarterly trips to the far south heavily populated by ethnic minority, to promote equality among people of different backgrounds. Public communication campaign and customer service training have been organized more frequently and covers a wider media space and a wider population since 2004.

(c) Overcoming Obstacles

 c.      What were the main obstacles encountered? How were they overcome? No more than 500 words
The main obstacles stem from the fact that the heart of the overhaul, the e-passport project, is an innovation emerged at the MFA and the government.
The obstacles can be categorized into technical dimension, and public understanding.
In technical dimension, the MFA lacked technical experiences necessary to develop and operate the redesigned system, and lacked experience in managing a comprehensive IT project of such large proportion. This particular obstacle is overcome by the establishment, and effective actions, of four Committees that have played crucial roles in summoning the resources and expertise needed to achieve the required service. Setting up of a monitoring team was also a great help. This monitoring team consisted of IT experts and is tasked to observe the operation and feeding back findings and recommendation to upper levels of the MFA management.
In the aspect of public understanding, the public are puzzled when they are asked to be in person at the passport offices for being photographed and fingerprints taken and when they could no longer submit their passports by post for validity extension or personal data amendments. The MFA has been trying extensively to explain to the public through all kinds of media with the same message that “the e-passport is a secure, reliable and credible travel document that is required by ICAO. If Thailand can issue travel document which is internationally accepted, it will facilitate international travel of the Thai people. The new passport process aimed to facilitate the public and to prevent identity theft that will in turn prevent terrorism, drug trafficking and human trafficking. This will therefore make Thailand a safe and secured place for foreign investment and tourism, contributing to the prosperity of the country.”

(d) Use of Resources

 d.      What resources were used for the initiative and what were its key benefits? In no more than 500 words, specify what were the financial, technical and human resources’ costs associated with this initiative. Describe how resources were mobilized
The Consular Department’s resources remain quite the same: annual government budget allocated to the Consular Department grow at a modest rate, human resources could hardly augment due to austere regulation on public workforce, technical expertise and technical infrastructure in MFA were very limited.
With a view to overcome these constraints and to meet the e-government policy, MFA decided to open a bidding to outsource the e-passport project to a private company. This private company would summon financial resources involving investments on hardware and software, facilitate the entire e-passport issuance process, and provide adequate human ware of high quality. Other external resources such as academia, IT experts, and officials from Ministry of information and communications technology sitting in the 4 newly established committees and in the monitoring team were also involved to provide comments and suggestion on technical issues, managerial expanding system development, project communications, and financial management.
Concerning the outreach program to remote provinces, human resource, financial resources and technical resources from the outsourced company were added up to the MFA’s own resources to strengthen MFA’s ability to deliver service to a wider population. In public communication plan and quality control aspect, the Consular Department closely monitors customers’ views through surveys and questionnaires, fact-finding activities, and the analysis of overall impression towards passport service delivery. Officials with PR expertise are assigned to use these weighted views to find solutions to respond the public. Coordination with the right contact points for a better mass communication result has been promoted. The outsourced companies are closely supervised by MFA to consistently and timely tackle emerging issues.

Sustainability and Transferability

  Is the initiative sustainable and transferable?
This initiative for a modern and outreach passport service system is
sustainable with sound financial source, continuous government policy and regulatory support, and popular support from the customers.
MFA need not make a huge investment since the inception of the
this large scale e-passport project as it was the role of the outsourced company to do so. MFA make payments to the company for each finished passport booklet,
with financial source from passport fees received from the applicants earlier in the application process. This way, the e-passport project is able to continue without any financial difficulty. As for the outreach plan, public communication plan, and the quality control plan, they need much less financial support and could run by themselves, provided there is policy support and strong determination to service only the best.
For policy support, after the government which first promoted
E-government was expired; subsequent governments not only have no objections to the project but also give approval to the initiative.
This policy support derives mainly from popular support the citizens give
to the new passport service system. Expeditious, courteous, customer-responsive and high standard application and pick up service always surprise new face applicants and media personnel who often help spread the word of appreciation towards passport service delivery. Also, economically, the public is satisfied with the regional branches and roving application units that help them save travel cost and time. Socially and culturally, people from all backgrounds around the country are satisfied for the equality of access to passport service.
As a result of public appreciation, the initiative has repeatedly been given awards for being an outstanding and innovative public service agency since 2005 by the Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, the Royal Thai Government. Extensive study visits from government and private agencies both domestic and overseas have made their ways to observe both the development and achievements of the project, with an intent to gain some inputs to make innovative adaptations to their own public agencies. Domestically, the project became a pilot project in Thai public service system.

Lessons Learned

 What are the impact of your initiative and the lessons learned?
The new concept and approach for passport service delivery has born favorable results as follows: Speedy process and outreach program not only save applicants’ costs, but also help the country save a huge sum of money previously spent on travel cost and time. Incorporation of the latest technology and redesign of work process help passport offices transform into a very welcoming public compound and give a heartfelt care to its customers. The outreach program helps lessen the equality gap between different groups of citizens and prevent misunderstanding among groups of people and between the government and the less fortunate. Equally important, high quality passport booklets containing facial and fingerprint biometrics help identify travelers of high risk concerns and promote international cooperation to combat transnational issues, especially, human trafficking and terrorism. In a less common case, biometrics data used to help identify lost tourists after the Tsunami struck the South of Thailand in December 2006.
The above could not be achieved without the following key elements :
- Continuous strife for best quality service delivery which are translated
into personnel at every level. This includes service friendly attitude, professionalism, articulation, training, the ability to listen effectively to customers.
- Clear vision, goals and objectives
- Holistic and practical plan to achieve goals and objectives with an
account taken on the reality and trends concerning resources, technology, and endless demand of customers.
- Tasking outside specialists in the areas where the public office lack
expertise and resources.
- Continuous and clear policy set by higher executives
- Regular effective consultations and follow up meetings with parties
concerned.

Contact Information

Institution Name:   Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand (Consular Department)
Institution Type:   Government Agency  
Contact Person:   Songphol Sukchan
Title:   Director of Passport Division  
Telephone/ Fax:   +(66)2 981-7280
Institution's / Project's Website:   +(66)2 981-7256
E-mail:   s.songphol@gmail.com  
Address:   Consular Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 123 Chaeng Wattana Road
Postal Code:   10210
City:   Lak Si
State/Province:   Bangkok
Country:   Thailand

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