| 4. In which ways is the initiative creative and innovative?
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The target is to reduce deaths at the rate of 5 percent per year.
Objectives:
1. To integrate work and engage with network parties
2. To promote public knowledge, understanding and awareness
3. To support and develop a strong network parties
4. To drive the policy proposal in the provincial levels and regional levels
There are two (2) phases under the operation.
Phase 1: The Executive Committee of the Khon Kaen hospital began a campaign of wearing helmets for officers in the hospital and this campaign is still in-use until now. This created organizational measures to wear a helmet and seat belt 100 percent. This campaign has expanded to every governmental unit. The Committee for preventing road accidents in Khon Kaen province is established in 1991. There is a follow-up meeting held every month. It also proposed the necessity of the law in the enforcement of the helmet to the Minister of Public Health on 5 November 1993. As a result, the legislation of wearing helmets for both drivers and passengers is being enforced. In addition, it covers all areas in Thailand since 1 January 1996 till the present.
Khon Kaen Hospital Emergency Medical Services has been established as the first province of Thailand since 1994 with the purpose of aiding injured people as quickly as possible. In 1997, Khon Kaen Hospital and the College of Public Health have organized course of pilot rescue staffs until this course is approved and certified. Currently, the hospital offers course for rescue team in colleges across the nation. In 2004, the hospital has developed emergency medical services system at district level for the first time in Thailand and it became a policy of the National Institute of Emergency Medical Services. It requested that all provinces organize emergency medical services at district level 100 percent with emergency call center at 1669. Presently, this model has been extended to the entire country. The Medical Emergency Act has been declared in 2008 and is active till now. The Mapping has begun in 1996 by using data from patients who have been hospitalized in Khon Kaen Hospital. There is an analysis of data from the map to use in planning to resolve the common accidents in every hospital in the province and several other provinces. As a result, the number of accidents decreased.
Phase 2 will expand its operations in the underlying processes of the province as follows.
In 2003, Khon Kaen Hospital and its network party organized the seminar in collaboration with national accident about prevention and control of the road accident. This is the forum to exchange knowledge at national level by learning from Khon Kaen model in 2009. Then it presented the impact caused by road accidents to the Cabinet of Ministers. The Cabinet agreed and approved that year 2011-2020 is the Decade of Road Safety. It also has been declared that road accident was a national agenda to enact nationwide. The Government has announced a policy statement 4.5.6 entitled "Reduce traffic accidents and loss from traffic accidents to a minimum number.” It promotes the learning and the use of safe transport by maintaining the principle about traffic solution into practice.
From 2005 to the present, Khon Kaen has cooperated with multidisciplinary party in each region to drive the project of management in the prevention of road accidents by using the model of Khon Kaen province and extending to cover all provinces. It has been supported by Thai Health Promotion Foundation.
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| 5. Who implemented the initiative and what is the size of the population affected by this initiative?
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Khon Kaen Hospital has a working committee to prevent and resolve road accidents. It consists of relevant agencies with a role in the preparation of accident data. Then it will propose to the Board of Directors of the hospital to set the measures to prevent, solve and follow-up the performance with the progress in operation every month.
At provincial level, there is a committee to prevent road accidents. There is a provincial governor serves as the president and Khon Kaen hospital serves as a secretary.
The head of public and private sectors, media and shopping malls serve as the committee. They have roles in analyzing and planning in accordance with the policy of the province and the country. They hold meetings formal and informal every month to trace progress and solve problems together.
At national level, there is an executive committee to support the prevention of traffic accidents in the province. The Executive Committee of Khon Kaen Hospital serves as management of the program. The committee includes public and private sectors and the media. The management is divided into Node of 5 regions. They play major role in driving operational support and policy at the provincial level. They hold meetings monthly to follow up and support the Committee's direction in preventing traffic accidents. This committee came from related units such as the Police, Public Health, and the media to monitor and evaluate both 5 regions. There is a technical support team that came from multidisciplinary and professional sources.
Important mechanism that causes cooperation at all levels is meeting forum that was held by analyzing data, planning and defining strategies to continuously solve the problems together. Thus, it results in joint operations, exchanging, and mutual learning. Strong leadership will bring changes and goodwill will result in more efficient operation.
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| 6. How was the strategy implemented and what resources were mobilized?
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The budget is mainly obtained from government agencies such as Bangkok Fire and Rescue Department, Transport Department, and Police Department. This is accounted for 75 percent and is used in organizing meeting to exchange knowledge and experiences, academic conferences, other activities in actual risky areas, campaigning and others. Budget from other independent organizations is accounted for 10 percent such as Thai Health Promotion Foundation. A fund from private sector is accounted for 5 percent such as Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited, Department stores, and entrepreneurs. Funds from international organizations are accounted for 5 percent such as WHO Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP). Funds from local agencies are accounted for 5 percent such as local and provincial administrations and local government organization.
Human resources – there is a working committee on an individual level which have been ongoing meetings and brought outcomes from the conference into actual practice to support and solve problems together. It consists of a working Committee to promote prevention and solution to road accidents in hospitals. There are also accident prevention committees and the executive committee to work in support of traffic accident prevention plans in the national level.
Resources for building/ facilities/ tools/ equipments include
- Helmets for children and adults: these were supported continuously from Honda GRSP and Hess corporations. There are community activities to raise funds such as helmet funds. Other activities include police will not accept the fine but drivers must buy helmets instead as a reward for good people. There are quiz helmet, speed detector, and alcohol detector which are supported from the government and independent funds.
- The set knowledge of road safety media campaign has been supported by Toyota Thailand, motorcycle companies and Road Accident Victims Protection Company Limited. Publicity signs: Stop speeding, Stop deaths on Mittraphab Road are supported by Kosa Hotel, and Automotive Dealers Association in the province. Outreach programs through media are supported by local cable television companies such as KTV and 3, 5, 7, 9 (MCOT), 11 (NBT) and TV Thailand (Thai PBS). Building and other facilities for meetings and activities are supported by Central Plaza, Khon Kaen, Kosa Hotel in Khon Kaen that provided snack bar and meeting rooms free every month.
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| 7. Who were the stakeholders involved in the design of the initiative and in its implementation?
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There is driving behavior surveillance of people who arrive in the hospital. In 1992, there were less wearing helmet at 20 percent and safety belt at 10 percent. However, after the measure has been carried out consistently, the rate increase to 98 percent and 95 percent respectively. In Khon Kaen Municipality, prior to utilize the measure in 2001, there were 9 deaths at risk area. However, after performing a change according to traffic engineering, there was no death in 2012. The data in 2000 indicated that there were drink and drive of 43 percent and the time during 22:00-02:00 o’clock caused the high number of accidents. Network parties have jointly set the region extraction point to check motorists who drink alcohol in Khon Kaen Municipality day and night every day. Prior to 2000, the death toll from road accidents with alcohol drinking was equivalent to 43 cases. However, after setting up checkpoints, there were no deaths in 2012.
An integrated network of provincial-level party is existed. A successful activity is a campaign of wearing helmet to honor HM the King on 26 December, 2011. This created a stream of consciousness to people who use roads. Several sectors participated in this event. There was 70 percent wearing helmets. However, after the event, wearing helmet rate increased to 85 percent. A set of knowledge in the youth groups is existed. Media is disabled victims to share experiences, warn, and encourage them to see who was from the motorcycle accident. The set of knowledge has improved the behavior. After assessment of post-training, there were several parents thanked. The children wear helmet and force family members to wear at all times
Measures in the community have changed their views of solving the problems by themselves. There is an integration of community network such as Model Community Baan Toom. During 7-day danger Songkran and New Year festive, the community has set up checkpoint of no drunken extracted out of the house. There were 5 deaths in 2002 and the number was down by 1 in 2012.
Media network participated in the presentation of news and in-depth analysis of structure and culture which are the root cause of the problems in order to remind the public in terms of preventing more accidents.
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| 8. What were the most successful outputs and why was the initiative effective?
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Evaluation is divided into three levels.
Monitoring model in Khon Kaen Hospital: There is a working group meeting monthly to track the progress. Security officer will take photos of personnel who do not follow the measures and will submit the photographs to supervisor for a warning signal. If warning signal is granted for the second time, it will affect the merits.
Evaluation at hospital level: It conducts a random inspection about wearing helmets and seat belts behavior of motorcycle riders and passengers as well as drivers and passengers who sit in the front row respectively. These are conducted twice a year.
- Collects statistics on deaths and injuries of hospital’s personnel who have been in road accidents.
- Inspect risk spots which have been resolved or have not been resolved.
The committee will analyze and seek ways to resolve the problems.
Evaluation pattern at Community level: Compliance with the rules of the community means to conduct 100%. There will be a random survey about wearing helmet and seat belts’ behavior to people in the community before and after the operation.
Monitoring Model at the provincial level is conducted by the meeting of the Committee every month. Data will be analyzed for cause, environment and risk behavior of riders and drivers and find ways to prevent actions by delegating these tasks to relevant agencies.
Evaluation Pattern at provincial level There will be a random survey of using helmets, seat belts in the driver and front passenger car twice a year.
- Inspect risk spots in the area and see how much improvement is needed.
- Collect statistical data of accidents and deaths at the risk spots and compare before and after situation after modification.
Monitoring Model at National Level There will be a meeting of the executive board every month. This is to track the progress of the scheme placed in each province in order to analyze and seek guidelines together.
-There is a meeting with the Committee Board every 2 months. This is to provide feedback on the work as well as the planning.
-Organizing learning exchange forum to submit a portfolio of all provinces. Then each province can share and exchange knowledge to other provinces.
Evaluation Pattern at national level Thai Roads Foundation will evaluate, reflect the problems, provide statistics of accidents, injuries, deaths, severity indicator from road accidents and compared to a nation as a whole.
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| 9. What were the main obstacles encountered and how were they overcome?
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Obstacles are as follows:
1) There is an unclear direction of the Ministry-level policies. There is no cooperation at operational level. The objective has not been achieved. There will be guidelines for using the process to create a stream (Advocacy) and submit a proposal to the Prime Minister (through the Minister's Secretary), review the task framework in accordance with the situation where there is violence of deaths from road accidents then set the format to work both at the global and regional indicators as defined.
2) There is a lack of public awareness on the prevention of road accidents and some other risk behavior. Disseminating information to the public is not covered by comprehensive solution. Solution is to create a party network of media partners to join, share and disseminate information to the wider public through social Media.
3) Data storage system for injuries and deaths from road accidents of police departments and public do not match. Therefore, users are confused and data seems unreliable. Solution is to have a working group to develop a national database of public transport consisting of the police, insurance companies, so that the database will be the most reliable road accident in an international standard.
4) Law enforcement is not strict enough. There is strict in some areas in the city, county, and municipality. However, in rural areas, the level of law enforcement is still far from the level. Solution is to have organizational measures to protect the community's road accidents of people in the community.
5) There are budget deficits. Solution is to have project supported from independent agencies like the Office of the Thai Health Promotion Foundation, and other private sectors.
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