| 4. In which ways is the initiative creative and innovative?
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After The Government of Turkey is aware of the outstanding needs and decided to modernize the cadastre, Turkish Land Registry and Cadastre Agency (TKGM) was given the task of starting The Land Registry and Cadastre Modernization Project (LRCMP). The project is begun in 2008 treaty between with TKGM and The World Bank.
The project includes the following components:
Component 1: Cadastre and Land Registry Renovation and Updating
The component will support (through cadastre renovation) the conversion (into digital format), updating and integration of existing analogue and digital cadastre information, land registry and related data, into updated, accurate, consistent and standardized legally agreed cadastral renovated digital map and data sets, that will be available for entry into TAKBIS. The component will update around 4.1 million priority parcels over the 5 year Project period with the goal to complete cadastre renovation of settlement areas primarily in five high priority regions (Ankara, Antalya, Istanbul, Izmir, and Gaziantep) and initiate cadastre renovation in the remaining regions in the country. The resulting renovated parcel informations will be entered into the national cadastre and land registry systems thereby increasing the fidelity and security of the parcel information and the title overall. The component will include the following activities:
• Cadastre renovation (in line with articles 22/a of Law no.3402);
• Base mapping in selected areas;
• Supervision and quality control.
Component 2: Improved Service Delivery
The component will support the modernization of the TKGM infrastructure so as to improve TKGM’s ability to provide core services to the Government and citizens of Turkey. It includes consultancy services to provide strategic advice on critical issues affecting the national implementation of TAKBIS in Land Registry and Cadastre Directorates. Model offices will be established in three regions so as
to provide examples of office layouts that support streamlined, improved and integrated workflows involving both Land Registry and Cadastre Directorates of TKGM and the operation of the integrated version of TAKBIS. This component will also support procurement of furniture and equipment that may be required for the new model land offices. Furthermore, the component will support the government’s e-Government initiative through making available an E-Cadastre data through the planned Turkish National Spatial Data Infrastructure. It will provide access to land registry and cadastre data.
The component will include the following sub-components:
• Cadastre integration consultancy support;
• Provision of furniture and office equipment;
• Model Office construction/renovation.
Component 3: Human Resources and Institutional Development
The component will support the development of strategic plans and human resources development plans to ensure that the TKGM personnel skills match the strategic needs of the organization. The component will also finance training, study visits to countries which have undertaken similar modernization programs in the last few years, and support the development of video conferencing capability between regional directorates and HQ for management, core and specialized training.
The component will include the following activities:
• Development of Human Resources Development Strategy;
• Business Planning and Strategic Planning including stakeholder analysis and the private sector roles;
• Training and Study visits.
Component 4: Property Valuation
The component will investigate and develop policies and institutional options for the introduction of the property valuation function in Turkey in line with international best practices. The component will also finance the development of interim guidelines and piloting of property valuation in two municipalities and support the building of the required capacities. It will include the following sub-components:
• Policy development (proposals on legal, institutional and technical arrangements);
• Pilot implementation;
• Capacity building.
Component 5: Project Management
This component will finance the project management costs, including the procurement and financial management consultants, the incremental operation costs to supervise the central and field activities, and the monitoring and evaluations costs including the costs of customer surveys.
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| 5. Who implemented the initiative and what is the size of the population affected by this initiative?
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The most important stakeholder in the leadership of the Republic of Turkey, of course, is TKGM. The other important stakeholder is World Bank. World Bank is contributing to the financial and technical aspects of the project. In Turkey the basic pre-requisites for land administration (LA) are in place - a viable and strong single agency and a comprehensive and coherent legal framework. The Government of Turkey has approached the Bank for support for further improvements to its LA system with the goal to modernize the cadastre and registration system and integrate it into the E-government initiative. World Bank is currently financing several similar projects in the region and will bring to Turkey a wide regional and global experience in land policy and administration reforms.
Up to this day, Tasks related to services from our institution are private and corporate parties, public institutions - private sector organizations and provides engineering services representatives. Take advantage of this service sectors and disciplines are close to fifty.
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| 6. How was the strategy implemented and what resources were mobilized?
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Improving quality and effectiveness of public services is one of the key government goals identified in the 9th Development Plan for 2007-13 (Republic of Turkey). The proposed project will contribute to this goal through: (i) supporting the computerization of land registry and cadastre and thus improving the services of the TKGM; (ii) making the land registry and cadastre information available to public and private entities, and thus contributing to the overall government program of spreading and making effective E-government applications; and (iii) contributing to the establishment of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. The property valuation component will enable the government to develop guidelines and implement property valuation standards in line with international practices, thus, improving real estate tax collection and supporting the expansion of mortgage lending.
Land Registry and Cadastre Project budget is US$ 207.92 million. World Bank is contributing to the financial and technical aspects of the project. % 97 of project financing is provided from World Bank loan-credit. TKGM, % 3 of project budget is provided from own budget. The project includes the five components and these components in the budget breakdown are as follows:
• Component 1: Cadastre and Land Registry Renovation and Updating (US$ 175.39 million)
• Component 2: Improved Service Delivery (US$ 19.35 million)
• Component 3: Human Resources and Institutional Development (US$ 6.02 million)
• Component 4: Property Valuation (US$ 4.96 million)
• Component 5: Project Management (US$ 2.2 million)
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| 7. Who were the stakeholders involved in the design of the initiative and in its implementation?
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Five concrete outputs that contributed to the success of The Land Registry and Cadastre Modernization Project are shown below.
• update around 4.1 million priority parcels and 40.000 km² basic map production to complete cadastre renovation,
• Model Office construction/renovation ,
• External users access to online data provision and Creation of access/pricing policy,
• Staff productivity and training, study visits,
• Piloted in Property Valuation, policy and capacity development.
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| 8. What were the most successful outputs and why was the initiative effective?
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Monitoring and evaluation will be essential in determining the results of the project. The monitoring will include two areas: (i) regular performance monitoring of project outputs; this will be supported by a computerized monitoring and evaluation system to be established for project implementation. The system will monitor number of properties renovated and other aspects of the projects; and (ii) two rounds of customer surveys/social assessment (first assessment just before the mid-term review and the second by the end of the project) to monitor customer satisfaction and compliance with service standards as well as issues related to cadastre renovations and their impact on people. A base line customer survey was recently completed by TKGM.
The Project Coordination Team will be responsible for regular reporting to the senior management of the TKGM. Output and outcome indicators will be also monitored on a semi-annual basis, both to the senior management of the TKGM and the World Bank supervision team.
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| 9. What were the main obstacles encountered and how were they overcome?
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Turkey has one of the most secured property rights in the ECA region. Almost all land is registered, and a simple transaction, such as registering an apartment, can be completed within a few hours (in offices that are already computerized). Modernizing the cadastre and moving towards digital cadastre and registration system to support E-government initiative have, however, several risks. These include:
Legal Recognition of E-signature and Digital Data (Moderate). To gain the full benefit of the computerized registry system (TAKBIS) several steps need to be taken including government approval of legal authorization for electronic signature, digital archiving instead of paper records, and in time a computerized title as the legal title within the registry system (instead of a document). At present, the digital system runs in parallel to the paper based (manual) system since only the documents created through the manual system constitute legal documents under the current laws. This dual system creates a large burden in the registry offices and over time, there may be some deviation between the digital and the manual system-produced records. The government is addressing the issue of e-signature outside the scope of this project as it is an essential component of the overall e-government initiative.
Data Sharing Policy (Moderate). Agreement on the National Spatial Data Infrastructure format, pricing, and access rights, standards for data formats and information sharing among the various government agencies i s needed to ensure that the spatial data generated under the project can be used by other government agencies and private sector entities. The government already established a task force that i s chaired by TKGM and included membership of 17 agencies to develop this policy. The TKGM already hired consultants to help them to prepare the policy. It is expected that a draft policy be prepared around December 2008.
Capacity of Private Sector (Low). The Turkish private sector firms performing surveying and mapping are well established. They were successfully engaged with the cadastre surveys undertaken under the ARIP and the MEER projects. In fact, there are around 60 on-going contracts for cadastre surveys performed by private sector simultaneously in the last year under ARIP project. It is anticipated that the existing private sector will expand to meet the demand. The project will also encourage the participation of foreign firms through the increase of contract size, which will make it attractive for foreign firms to bid for the contracts or to associate with Turkish companies which will extend additional financial resources for Turkish firms to expand to meet the demand.
Human Resources of TKGM (Moderate). The agency is operating efficiently using a manual system. A computerized registration system is being introduced gradually to TKGM offices since 2003. The change from the manual to the computerized system will require changes in the operating culture of TKGM, including changes in work flow procedures, diversification of skills, human resources policies and policies related to provision of real estate cadastre information, including privacy and liability issues. The project will support TKGM to prepare a strategic plan and a human resources development plan in the first two years of the project. Government has requested all government agencies to prepare strategic plans before December 2008.
Communications Network (Low). The computerized land registration system is a centralized system that operates on a server in the TKGM headquarters. With the increase in a number of offices connected to the system and the integration of the cadastre information, the system performance may be affected by the available communications network. Rolling out the computerization to the various offices will take into consideration the availability of the communications network. Furthermore, regional servers may be installed to improve performance.
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