| 4. In which ways is the initiative creative and innovative?
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The creative, unique, and innovative aspects of the Outreach Services include:
a.Participatory Service Approach.
This innovation employs the participatory approach. The activities are carried out in, by, and involving the active participation of the community through the community’s Self-Help Group (SHG) as the medium. The active participation is manifested in roles that are not limited to being the service beneficiaries, but also the active roles of endeavouring, assessing, and maintaining the achievements.
b.Empowerment-oriented services.
In the service, the community and family members learn about problem-solving and how to empower their members with intellectual disabilities. The family and volunteers are given specific information regarding the problems encountered by persons with intellectually disabilities. They are also mentored and trained on how to empower the persons with intellectually disability in order to be independent.
c.Efficiency.
FBSR and “Kampung Peduli” programs are able to provide inclusive services for more persons with intellectual disabilities, with a lower cost of service per individual and more actual results.
d.More Benefits.
FBSR and “Kampung Peduli” programs are not only targeted at persons with intellectual disabilities, but also can be integrated with the services for people with other disabilities or social problems.
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| 5. Who implemented the initiative and what is the size of the population affected by this initiative?
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The initiative of family- and community-based outreach services was developed by BBRSBG Kartini Temanggung as an alternative for effective services to help persons with intellectual disablilities in their community. The basis for this initiative is the gap between the population of persons with intellectual disabilities and the capacity of social service organisations, resulting in a large number of persons with intellectually disabilities having no access to the necessary services.
The outreach services initiative is implemented through the FBSR and “Kampung Peduli”, a community-based social rehabilitation program. In the implementation of FBSR, community cadres/volunteers from the community individually mentor families in providing guidance to their intellectually disabled members. Meanwhile, in “Kampung Peduli” program, the services are provided through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) formed and managed by the community as a medium for participation and organisation of service activities.
Compared to the conventional or institution-based services, the beneficiaries of FBSR and “Kampung Peduli” are much greater in number. In the institution-based can only serve up to 150 people in three to four years, but through the outreach services, more than 500 persons with intellectual disabilities can be served each year.
The initiative of outreach services implemented together with the family, volunteers, community cadres/mentors, and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) is an effective alternative service to solve the gap in service provision, in which as shown by the recent data, only 3.85% of the whole persons with disabilities in Indonesia can be served through institution-based services.
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| 6. How was the strategy implemented and what resources were mobilized?
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The action plans developed to implement the outreach services programs are as follows:
a.Milestones:
1)2010: Designing and testing the model of FBSR services with a total of 40 beneficiaries in Temanggung Regency.
2)2011: Implementing the FBSR with a total of 60 beneficiaries in two other regencies.
3)2012: Implementing FBSR with a number of 160 beneficiaries in 5 regency, and designing and testing the model of “Kampung Peduli” and serving 104 persons with intellectual disabilities.
4)2013 - 2016: Implementing and expanding FBSR and “Kampung Peduli” to include 13 regencies with total of 1.330 beneficiaries.
b.Stages of Implementation:
1)Social mapping for identification of persons with disabilities as well as the potentials in the community. When there are fewer than 10 persons with disabilities in a village, the FBSR model will be applied, and if the population of the persons with intellectual disabilities more than 10 people, or is perceived to be a social problem by the community, the “Kampung Peduli” model will be applied.
2)If a village only requires the FBSR services, BBRSBG Kartini Temanggung prepares the community cadres by recruiting and training them to be supervisor, instructor, and mentor of the parents. A mentors’ duty is to train and accompany parents so that they can take the roles of supervisors and instructors for the beneficiaries.
3)BBRSBG Kartini Temanggung provides facilities in the forms of guidance materials for daily activities, equipment for skill development, and several “economic stimulants” or capital to develop business in the family.
4)If a village requires a model of “Kampung Peduli” service, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) will be formed in the village as the medium for community’s participation and organisation of social rehabilitation activities for the beneficiaries. The processes of identification, assessment, and formation of SHGs are carried out by involving the community through focus group discussion.
5)After the SHGs is established, its executive committee, mentors, volunteers, and community activists are trained in order to acquire the abilities as supervisors, instructors, and mentors for the persons with intellectual disabilities.
6)In the initial stage of the activity, BBRSBG Kartini Temanggung provides facilities and routine mentoring. Once the SHG activities have run properly, productive economic centres are formed as a medium for skill training and to provide working opportunities for the beneficiaries.
c.The resources:
Human Resources
1)Volunteers, youths, and community activists who have been trained with technical skills will train and guide the persons with disabilities under the medium of SHGs
2)Social workers and supervisors of BBRSBG Kartini Temanggung.
3)Instructors who are assigned to give training to the mentors in an attempt of implementing economically productive activities in the community.
4)Village apparatus and community’s prominent figures.
Financial resources
1)The initial capital as a “stimulant” for the community is provided by BBRSBG Kartini Temanggung with a fund of IDR 4,000,000 (±US$ 300) per beneficiary annually and was allocated for training and facilitating mentor cadres, guidance for parents, provision of materials, provision of training equipment, and business capital.
2)In the location of “Kampung Peduli”, each village allocates its village fund for around IDR 6,000,000 to 12,000,000 (±US$ 450 – 900) annually.
3)Local government.
4)Business units through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
5)Community’s voluntary participation to support the activities.
6)Revenues from the selling of the products in the centre for productively economic activities as the source to support the continuity of the daily activities and operations.
Infrastructure:
1)Offices building of local villages.
2)Vocational shelter/Workshop independently built through the initiatives of the community and the village administrative government.
3)Community’s residences.
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| 7. Who were the stakeholders involved in the design of the initiative and in its implementation?
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The stakeholders involved in the implementation of the outreach services of FBSR (Family-Based Social Rehabilitation) and “Kampung Peduli” (lit. Caring Village, a community-based social rehabilitation) programs are:
a.The Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia as the main / parent institution that formulates the policies, regulations, and standardizations related to the implementation and development of social service programs.
b.BBRSBG Kartini Temanggung as the initiator, motivator, and facilitator that organizes the activities, including planning, implementation, and controlling of the service programs and administration.
c.Self-Help Groups (SHGs) that simultaneously play the role as a medium of community participation, the centre for the persons with disabilities, as well as the actor that provide the program or services.
d.Community cadres or mentor or community’s social workers who play the role of service providers in the field.
e.Local government institutions / social departments at regency level that take the role of facilitators and responsibility of follow-up program services.
f.The apparatus of the village government and the prominent figures of the community as the supporters and motivators.
g.Business units or private institution that distribute their CSR to support the selling and marketing of goods.
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| 8. What were the most successful outputs and why was the initiative effective?
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The concrete output of the outreach services:
a.The number of persons with intellectual disabilities successfully served increased significantly each year compared to before the outreach service programs were implemented:
1)Before the outreach service program: 150 people in 3 to 4 years.
2)After the outreach services:
2010: 280 people/year
2011: 305 people/year
2012: 445 people/year
2013: 445 people/year
2014: 477 people/year
2015: 599 people/year
2016: 674 people/year
b.The number of families given guidance, training, and mentoring increased significantly each year after the outreach services:
1)Before the outreach services: 150 families in 3 to 4 years. After the outreach services:
2010: 280 families;
2011: 305 families;
2012: 445 families;
2013: 445 families;
2014: 477 families;
2015: 599 families;
2016: 674 families
c.The number of community members (mentor cadres, community’s prominent figures, youths) given guidance and training of social rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities increased significantly after the outreach services:
1)Before the outreach services: 0 (none).
2)After the outreach services:
2010: 8 people;
2011: 12 people;
2012: 61 people;
2013: 32 people;
2014: 40 people;
2015: 100 people;
2016: 111 people.
d.The number of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) formed and developed to implement and organize community-based social rehabilitation activities and as sheltered workshops for persons with disabilities in business/employment after the outreach services: 7 (seven) institutions.
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| 9. What were the main obstacles encountered and how were they overcome?
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Obstacles:
a.Data on the population of persons with disabilities (by name, by address) in a region are often inaccurate because of the lack of understanding of the community about the criteria and characteristics of people with disabilities. This inaccuracy becomes an obstacle in determining the priority location for program implementation.
b.To implement the activities in the villages with a population of people with disabilities, it will be effective if there is a building functioning as the centre of activities. However, provision of building requires a large amount of fund.
c.The executive committee of SHGs and mentors are volunteers and the majority of them have to work; thus, they have limited time to be involved in the activities intensively.
d.The marketing of products made by the persons with disabilities is relatively difficult due to tight competition.
Solutions:
a.Conducting social mapping by directly going to the location or visiting each of the houses.
b.Making approaches to the village government and figures/leaders in the community to be able to use/take advantage of the village office, centre for the RW/RT (neighbourhood ward/a subdivision of a neighbourhood ward), or other buildings and to encourage community’s participation to construct a building independently.
c.Flexible hours or time of the service activities, adjusted to the time availability of the executive committee, community cadres/mentors, and community members.
d.Building cooperation with business or private units in selling and marketing the goods.
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