Questions/Answers

Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago, consisting of more than 17,000 islands inhabited by more than 250 million people. Situated at the crossroads of the four major tectonic plates, namely the Indo-Australia, the Eurasia, the Pacific and the Philippine Sea plates, Indonesia is frequently exposed to geological hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides as well as volcanic eruptions. Historical records show that Indonesia is one of countries that suffers the most fatalities as well as economic loss caused by geological disasters. CVGHM stands for the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation. It is an Indonesian national government institute within the Geological Agency of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. The institute responsible for mitigating risk caused by geological hazards by disseminating reliable information in a timely manner. CVGHM initiated the development of a new system to make early warning system faster, free and directly accessible to public by giving notification through their cellular phone. Hence, MAGMA Indonesia was born (https://magma.vsi.esdm.go.id). It has been developed to streamline the process of geological hazard mitigation. It raises the bar on the standard of data monitoring and management for Indonesian government agencies. MAGMA Indonesia digitizes relevant geological data into integrated databases, making them easier to analyze and use. Frequent readings and analytics can now be made ready in an almost-real-time manner. As a public service, MAGMA Indonesia makes geological hazard information available anytime and anywhere for everyone.

The main objective of MAGMA Indonesia is to reduce fatalities as well es economic losses caused by geological hazards by sending an extensive early warnings' notification through cellular phone and providing knowledge relating to the information of geological disasters in the form of interactive maps which, in turn, makes the society become more aware of disasters. The information includes the recommendations and directions so that people know what to do in order to anticipate the possible disasters. In addition to ground mitigation, CVGHM also participates in air mitigation through VONA (Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation). VONA provides information related to volcanic ash such as eruption timing, ash column height, ash colour and ash distribution directions. The information is delivered in quasi-realtime to all involved parties in aviation sector both national and international.

MAGMA Indonesia has the following advantageous characteristics: 1. The early warning information is freely accessible for public via Website and Android application. The information can be used to increase the people preparedness as and can also be used as teaching materials as well as for capacity building purposes. 2. Many institutions, both local and international, have benefited from MAGMA Indonesia’s capabilities and have tested it extensively. MAGMA Indonesia has also been of tremendous use for the aviation industry, providing near real-time information that can be used to enhance the security of flights that traverse the Indonesian sky. 3. The application is developed to be user friendly, people can share informations they accessed in MAGMA Indonesia easily to any social media.

MAGMA Indonesia provides services that increase the government's capabilities to save people's lives and prevent or mitigate social and economic losses. It can be achieved because MAGMA Indonesia is able to save time and cut off the long bureaucratic path in dissemination of early warning informations related to geological hazards including early warnings, reports, news, hazard maps as well as learning materials. MAGMA Indonesia make early warning system becomes faster, free, directly accessible to public by giving notification through their cellular phone which is the main public communication media.

- MAGMA Indonesia cut off the long bureaucratic path in dissemination of early warning informations related to geological hazards, therefore the system is suitable in the event of emergency. - MAGMA Indonesia provides informations that is used by many parties including citizens, national agency for disaster management, local governments as well as all involved parties in aviation sector both national and international. - MAGMA Indonesia provides information that is easy to understand as well as the recommendation that also easy to follow by all different type of stakeholders. - MAGMA Indonesia has been used extensively in many crisis conditions.

- The local governments use the geological disaster recommendation from MAGMA for urban and government planning - The National Agency for Disaster Management (BPNB) uses MAGMA Indonesia to monitor disaster activities - The local governments execute the recommendation provided in MAGMA Indonesia in order to anticipate the possible disasters - Aviation sectors (national and international) use MAGMA Indonesia as the primary information source for volcanic ash events

Prior to the existing of MAGMA, all information and recommendations related to geological hazard were sent hierarchically by the government through mail, electronic media, and facsimile to local government then to local residents. Indonesia did not have a database of geological disaster. There was no single data source that was structured and was easily accessed. In addition, the majority of residents did not recognize the hazard potential surrounding them. The socialization for the whole resident was impossible to do due to the limited number of experts. After MAGMA was established, disaster information can be accessed in real time, accurately, easily, at any time, and in any place. MAGMA is presented in one window full of information and can be accessed via an Android app named MAGMA Indonesia or via Website https://magma.vsi.esdm.go.id/. This is the first application in Indonesia that provides integrated formal information and recommendation of geological hazards.

MAGMA Indonesia is an original idea from a CVGHM staff (Dr. Devy Kamil Syahbana) to make early warning system faster, free, directly accessible to public by giving notification through their cellular phone. At the moment, cellular phone is used by almost all Indonesians as a primary communication media. MAGMA is developed in 2015 by several staff members of CVGHM. It has also been developed to streamline the process of geological hazard mitigation. It raises the bar on the standard of data monitoring and management for Indonesian government agencies. MAGMA digitizes relevant geological data into integrated databases, making them easier to analyze and use. Frequent readings and analytics can now be made ready in an almost-real-time manner.

HUMAN RESOURCE 1. Database Designer and Administration Creating and designing database using MySQL Server and preparing web server for optimal use. 2. Programmer Creating system automation and Web and Android based application development. 3. Network Specialist Responsible for organizing the network and ensuring that there's no connection problem. Ensuring the data security (firewall) 4. User Interface Designer Responsible for creating a user-friendly user interface display. All the software used are based on open source. Hardware/infrastructure Resource: 1. Database Server 2. Front-End Server 3. Python Server 4. Programming Personal Computer (PC)

نعم

- Local and International agencies (local governments, VAAC Darwin, The Pacific Disaster Center, etc) uses the data provided by MAGMA Indonesia - MAGMA Indonesia has been used as a benchmark in the environment of the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources to leverage other new innovations. MAGMA Indonesia developers have also give tutorials and assistances to build similar system with different purposes (interactive map of mineral resources, etc)

- MAGMA Indonesia is developed independently by permanent staff members of CVGHM. - MAGMA Indonesia is inline with Indonesian supreme law (Act Number 24 year 2007)

- MAGMA Indonesia is developed by several permanent staff members that are young (all less than 38 years). - MAGMA Indonesia has continuous budget support from the Indonesian government - MAGMA Indonesia is an open system, it is highly modifiable based on public needs - MAGMA Indonesia website visitors and also Android app user are increasing over time

نعم

- MAGMA Indonesia has been evaluated through a competition in 2016 by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and received two awards as the best innovation in the environment of the MEMR . - MAGMA Indonesia has been evaluated through a competition in 2017 by the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform as one of the best 40 innovations in Indonesia.

- There were suggestions to include all of the information in English (for the moment, only two features (VONA and Press Release) information are provided in English - There were suggestions to increase the infrastructure specifications due to the increasing number of visitors/users

1. Creativity 2. Innovation 3. Stakeholder 4. Resources 5. Collaboration and Partnership 6. Result and Impact 7. Evaluation 8. Transferability or Replication

MAGMA Indonesia related to vast stakeholders, such as: - citizens (a. use the information and recommendation, b. send report on geological disasters or any suspicious phenomena around them, c. reporting bugs, and d. giving suggestions for system development) - tourists (a. use the information and recommendation, b. send report on geological disasters or any suspicious phenomena around them, c. reporting bugs, and d. giving suggestions for system development) - local governments (a. use the information and communicate them to their citizens and b. execute the recommendation provided by MAGMA as well as c. making coordination) - local industries around hazard zones (a. use the information, b. activate and deactivate the industry based on the recommendation provided by MAGMA) - national agencies and ministries (a. use the information and make a follow up based on their specific responsibilities in disaster management as well as b. making coordinations) - aviation sectors (a. use the information and make a follow up or actions based on their responsibilities in volcanic ash advisory)

During the eruption of Mount Agung in November 2017, users of MAGMA Indonesia has been increasing significantly from around 100,000 visitors to more than 1,000,000 visitors. One of the reason is because the volcano is located in Bali, one of the most touristic places in the world. During the crisis, many users come from foreign countries, they highly needed information concerning the volcanic activity as they were afraid if their visit to Bali may not be a safe choice. At that time, the server was overloaded so the the application was not accessible for several hours. In order to help answering the questions, we use Twitter (ID: @id_magma). We have so many questions and suggestions. One of them is to provide the information in English. With such crises, we now know that we need to improve the capability of our system's infrastructure as well as providing information in English. We learn that disasters know no country borders and that we need to keep develop the system in order to extend the quantity and the quality of our public services.