Questions/Answers

Finding fishing ground is critical for fishermen. Indonesian small-scale fishermen have been used conventional approaches. It's highly unpredictable and speculative. To solve this issue, LAPAN's Remote Sensing Applications Center (Pusfatja) offered a solution through fisheries oceanography research and remote sensing application. Innovation, known as the Potential Fishing Zone (ZPPI) can help fishermen identify highly potential fishing ground. ZPPI information could cover all Indonesia and provide information within 1-2 hours (near real time) and 2-6 times daily due to high-tech and automated processing (ZAP, ZPPI Auto Processing). According to their fishing location, the information is sent directly to specific users via email or FTP (File Access Protocol) to avoid possible fishermen conflicts. Pusfatja LAPAN partners with relevant authorities/institutions (Local Fisheries and Marine Agency/Diskanla), state-owned and private sectors. Innovation implementation has been carried out in 25 Diskanla at provincial/regency/city level in Indonesia. The implementation includes technical guidance (operation of assistive devices [GPS, Fishfinder & Electronic Devices]) for fishermen, Diskanla staff members, etc., as well as trials at the ZPPI locations. Through the implementation of this innovation, it is easier to determine fishing locations, 30 percent more efficient operational costs, shorter operating times (one month to less than three weeks with the same catch), helping monitoring illegal fishing (ZPPI information is used by Marine Security Agency [Coast Guard/Bakamla] or [Navy/TNI-AL]) as a reference for monitoring the operation of fishing vessels and potential illegal fishing), as well as preserving fish resources on the coast.

Our initiative will help relevant stakeholders (Diskanla) access and distribute ZPPI information not only to fishermen but also to other related users, including the Coast Guard/Navy. More importantly, all fishermen, regardless of the size of the group or their economic status, may also have direct free access to ZPPI information. These groups mainly include small-scale (poor with no fixed income or without owning a boat) and large-scale fishermen (boat owners and fishing companies). Many user-friendly media format, such as e-mail, FTP or mobile apps, are only a few examples of how this data can be readily accessible to all users.

ZPPI innovation is in line with the SDGS 14 goal , especially provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets for (SDGs 14.b). This technology will help small-scale fishermen to find their fishing ground and to monitor and manage the fishing area or possible overfishing and reduce illegal fishing by local/central government. Using this innovation, small-scale fishermen catch fishes at the same amount but with less time and cost efficient. For example, Indramayu fisherman reported the fishing time have reduced from one-month period to less than three weeks and 30% decrease their operational cost after using ZPPI information (PT. Perikanan Nusantara; Demak 2019). Gorontalo Province increased their fishing stocks by 4.6% from 2017 to 2018 (142,411 ton). In addition, ZPPI information will support the Indonesian maritime security agencies (Bakamla and TNI-AL) to monitoring illegal fishing. According to their report, following the ZPPI information, two illegal fishermen caught in Indonesian territory. (Bakamla report, 2014). The implementation of this innovation also regulates and provides information on ZPPI according to the fishing activities of the fishing areas of the fishermen in each region, as well as providing information beyond 12 nautical miles from the coast to avoid conflicts in fishing locations.

The use of technology and digital transformation from innovation changes fishermen from traditional methods to being more focused in fishing operations by combining the information and experiences they have more quickly, easily and cheaply. Increasing the catch and efficiency of fishing operation are the economic benefits obtained by fishermen after implementing this innovation. Providing information beyond 12 nautical miles from the coast can avoid conflict at fishing locations and protect fish resources. This effort continues to be developed together by involving fishermen and all related parties.

This innovation helped the Regional Fisheries and Marine Agency (Diskanla) to incorporating their program to this innovation. Those includes fishing gear modernization program and restructuring fishing fleets in various regions (Kab. Indramayu 2015, Gorontalo Province 2017, Central Java Province 2020, etc.). The ZPPI information system applied to electronic devices and other mobile devices can shorten the flow of ZPPI information access that has been disseminated by the local Diskanla to fishermen via SMS and running text at the port, recorded manually by fishermen and skippers and informed to fishermen at sea via radio. communication. In addition, ZPPI information is updated at any time, vessel activity and fishing operations can be monitored by Diskanla or ship owners through electronic devices or monitor screens at the command center. Fishermen also receive additional information (distance and fuel consumption to the location of the fish catch, selling price of fish at the fish landing point, wave height, weather conditions and activation of the emergency button when there is an emergency at sea). Through this system, the cost efficiency of information dissemination (SMS) becomes cheaper (internet quota) and more information can be disseminated / received by fishermen and the Diskanla.

This innovation is intended to provide tangible benefits for fishermen through the use of technology in fishing operations so that the catch and fishermen's income will increase and their welfare is better. This innovation can be accessed equally throughout Indonesia by all groups of men, women, both young and old, small fishermen and large fishermen, and various parties related to the development of capture fisheries businesses, monitoring marine fishery resources, and other needs. related to capture fisheries research.

The main target groups are small-scale fishermen (5 - 60 GT) and other fishermen across Indonesia, particularly fishermen who catch pelagic fishes. Due to the research limitations and complexity of the analysis, this invention was unable to provide information for demersal fish. LAPAN Pusfatja provided technical training for fishermen and the field government officer to deliver this innovation effectively. Based on the use of this innovation, time and operational costs of fishing can be saved, fishermen do not need time to go round looking for fish, but can go directly to the fishing coordinate so the fuel consumption and logistics can be relatively reduced. Indramayu fishermen can streamline fishing time from one month to less than three weeks with the same amount of catch (H. Cartisa-Indramayu boats owner), operational costs can provide efficiency of about thirty percent compared to before using ZPPI information. The use of this innovation can also help increase fish catch production in Gorontalo Province 136,157 tons (2017) and 142,411 (2018). Communication and coaching for the implementation of innovation is carried out with fishermen, the Diskanla with LAPAN and partners to overcome obstacles and improve services. Communication is done via email, Whatsapp or other media.

This innovation is an automatic system that process and analyze the PFZ information based on satellite data which is packaged in a desktop-based software ZAP versi 2.0, and directly deliver this information to fisherman and specific users. The users are received ZPPI information according to the area of their fishing operation 2-6 times a day according to the satellite path via email or FTP. Automation of this system accelerates and streamlines the process (obtaining satellite data, processing, analyzing, presenting, sending ZPPI information, and monitoring and evaluating its utilization) which was previously done manually by interpreters and operators. The implementation begins with socialization and technical guidance to fishermen and officers in the field on the use of ZPPI information and its assistive devices (GPS, Fishfinder/gadget) to fishing trials in the sea. Furthermore, ZPPI information is forwarded to users every day via email and FTP. In 2020 the users of this innovation totaled 108 email/FTP addresses (56 from Provincial/Regency/City Diskanla, 4 TNI, 17 local agencies, 9 ministries/institutions, 3 universities, 10 private sector, and 9 personal users) throughout Indonesia. In the early stages, the monitoring system by LAPAN was limited to delivering ZPPI information to users. Along with the increasing number of users, coverage of service areas, and fishermen needs to receive ZPPI information anywhere (on land and at sea), Pusfatja LAPAN partners with the private sector (PT. Marlin) through the MoU and license agreement for ZAP 2.0 and integrates ZPPI information into Android-based NN Marlin devices and fishing operational activity monitoring system developed by PT. Marlin. Daily vessel activity and fishing operations can be monitored by Diskanla or ship owners through electronic devices or monitor screens at the command center. Annual evaluation carried out by LAPAN at least one time per year in locations or invites the users in focus group discussion.

In the implementation, there were obstacles that some fishermen are not easy to accept and apply this innovation due to culture and their fishing traditional ways of them. This condition can be reduced gradually with mentoring and guidance programs, i.e. innovation practices to the fishermen who are role models in that region. In line with the results obtained, other fishermen can follow and implement this innovation. In order to make it easier and more simple operated by fisherman, ZPPI information is made in Android-based electronic devices (NN Marlin gadget) that fishermen can carry on the device anywhere.

In general, this innovation helps the fishermen to find their fishing grounds, fishing operations time and costs are more efficient and effective. The automation system (processing ZPPI information until it was received by users), providing devices and technical assistance to users, fishing practice to ZPPI locations, implementation monitoring, and joint cooperation with partners to develop systems are innovative steps that has been implemented to increase the income of small-scale fishers. The innovation is also used to support increasing the capture fisheries production program in several areas, and as input data in monitoring and surveillance of fishing operations.

This innovation is the first automatic system of similar exist system that integrates the production process from receiving satellite data to delivering ZPPI information to users which is packaged in desktop-based software that developed by Pusfatja LAPAN (2013-2015) and officially operates in 2016. The system inspired by existing technology in Japan and India but has been adapted to existing resources, technology and socio-culture of Indonesian fishermen. This innovation has been implemented by small-scale fisherman to fishing operation and other users in many locations in Indonesia. Indramayu, Gorontalo and Demak regency’s are samples of some locations have been proved this innovation

c. The innovation has been integrated into NN Marlin gadget (LAPAN-PT. Marlin partnership) that can be brought by fishermen to the fishing operations. In addition, users can also display and save the location of fishing coordinates using the Google Earth application on PC or the open source GIS application. In addition, a fishing operational activity monitoring system was also developed by PT. Marlin which aims to facilitate fishing operations monitoring and to regulate fishing operations in the region. This innovation can be applied and as a part of fishing gear modernization program (Indramayu 2016, Gorontalo 2017, Central Java Province 2020).

This innovation has potential to be transferred to other parties in terms of ideas, methods and technology and the application of the innovation. Transfer of ideas, methods for determining ZPPI and its implementation model (Indramayu) has been carried out to the Malaysian Center for Remote Sensing (MACRES) and the Malaysian Fisheries Department under the Malaysian Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Industry through bilateral cooperation with LAPAN during the innovation development period (2013 and 2015). In addition, processing methods and application of innovation are also taught to relevant stakeholders, including Bakamla (2015) and LAPAN's internal units and other institutions. Sharing experiences related to the use of ZPPI information is also carried out between regions that have been earlier and successfully used this technology in fishing operations to other areas that will utilize this technology, with the apprenticeship method of fishermen and staff being held for a certain period (Indramayu to Gorontalo 2016/2017). This sharing experience was facilitated by LAPAN together with Diskanla of Indramayu and Diskanla of Gorontalo . This method is considered to be able to accelerate and provide a real picture of the application of this technology to other users will be applied this innovation.

This innovation has potential to be transferred to other parties in terms of ideas, methods and technology and the application of the innovation.

The development of this ZPPI innovation system involves 4 remote sensing experts, 2 oceanographers and 4 programmers), with 4 PC units (minimum 32GB RAM) equipped with image processing, programming (IDL, Python and Visual Basic) software and GIS Analysis software. The innovation implementation involved 2 information dissemination experts and 2 public relations experts and 2 technology application experts. The amount of financing is about 10 billion rupiah (~ 700,000 USD) which consists of system development costs, hardware and software procurement, experts, field surveys to validate ZPPI information, and disseminate this innovation to fishermen groups in 5 locations in Indonesia.

ZPPI information can be accessed free of charge by fishermen from LAPAN or via NN Marlin device (device procurement 270 USD/unit and services fee 100 USD/year). NN Marlin users will got the ZPPI information, and additional features i.e. distance and fuel consumption estimation to the fishing ground, selling price of fish at the fishing landing base, weather conditions, wave height, and activation of the emergency button when there are an emergency at sea, etc. Institutionally and financially, the continuation of this innovation can be funded by stakeholders partnership/collaboration, or by fishermen/ fishermen groups initiative or government programs.

Yes

These innovations have been evaluated by academic and scientific standards. Internally, evaluation is carried out by the quality management team and external expert in marine capture fisheries and ZPPI implementation (quarterly). External evaluation is carried out by PT. Intertek for an ISO certificate institution (ISO 90001.2015) which is Pusfatja has been certified in 2017 related to quality management, include the evaluation of R & D activities and its application (ZPPI one of them). In 2017, Pusfatja also certified as a Center for Excellence in Remote Sensing Applications and KNAPP from Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education in 2019.

Several internal and external evaluation indicators are the number of users, number of feedbacks from users received by Pusfatja, number of Cooperation Agreements (MoU) that have been made with partners, SOPs in planning/implementing/evaluating research, the risks/constraints that occurred and the achievement of targets. In order to follow up the evaluation results, Pusfatja LAPAN-PT. Marlin partnership was signed MoU and license agreement for ZAP 2.0 and integrates ZPPI information into NN Marlin devices and fishing operational activity monitoring system developed by PT. Marlin. In addition, Pusaftja made the cooperation with other Diskanla or potential users to improve this innovation.

Based on the evaluation results, ZPPI implementation is very helpful for fishermen in fishing operations and increasing fish catch production (ships using ZPPI get more catch than ships without ZPPI in the same operating period), saving fuel and operating costs. One of the evaluation results is fisherman needs a mobile devices able to help fisherman in fishing operation, automation of the ZPPI production system, and monitoring of integrated fishing operational activities. The NN Marlin android-based device and the Sub Command Center system (SCC/fishing activity monitoring system) in the Diskanla office/ship owner is an effort to disseminating efficiency cost and makes ZPPI implementation monitoring by users in the framework of Pusfatja LAPAN partnership/cooperation more effective in the future. According to fishermen's needs during implementation, it is necessary to develop information on the basis of economical fish species according to fishing gears, regular training and fishing technology counseling, and ZPPI information for small-scale artisanal Fisher with fishing operation area less than 12 nautical miles by considering the sustainability of fishery resources in coastal areas. In the last two years, Pusfatja LAPAN is developing ZPPI information based on economic fish species for small-scale artisanal fisher.

The ZPPI information as a results of this innovation were needed by government agencies Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to be distributed to local marine and fisheries agencies in come location in Indonesia. Further, the Diskanla disseminates ZPPI information to fishermen groups in their area. On the other hand, to accelerate the dissemination of ZPPI information to fishermen, Pusfatja LAPAN collaborates and cooperates with local government agencies (i.e Diskanla of North Nias Regency, Indramayu and Gorontalo Province, etc.). In addition, the local Diskanla in those regions can also collaborate with LAPAN partners for the utilize of NN Marlin and SCC system (fishing activity monitoring system) in order to reduce disseminating information cost and to monitor the fishermen that using ZPPI, to regulate fishing area in their region as well. The Diskanla of Gorontalo Province (2018) and Diskanla of Central Java Province (2020) are two users that have been integrated this innovation to restructuring/modernization of fishing gear program for fisherman in their region. ZPPI information is also used by Bakamla/TNI-AL as an input to prevent illegal fishing in Indonesian waters, the surveillance and monitoring focus on fishing vessels in the high density PFZ and locates on border area (EEZ).

After the ZPPI information has been operationalized since 2016, most fishermen in Indonesia have used the information. In order to increase this innovation to a better level including methodology development, data processing and analysis, utilization and implementation of innovation results, including monitoring and evaluation and technology transfer, Pusfatja LAPAN has partnered and expanded collaboration with various domestic and overseas stakeholders. Domestic partners include agencies ministries, i.e Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and local Diskanla as partners in ZPPI dissemination and technical supporter to fishermen, Bakamla/TNI-AL as partners who use ZPPI information to verify and validate potential fishing ground, when the fishing boats many operates around the ZPPI positions. LIPI and a number of universities as partners in the development of the ZPPI R & D methodology (STP Jakarta, Bogor IPB, University of Indonesia, ITB, UNPAD, UNDIP, UNSRI, UNIBRAW, ITS, UNUD). Research and development cooperation and data utilization with foreign partners, i.e. Global Fishing Watch as a partner that provide fishing vessel data to validate ZPPI information, and partners to provide remote sensing satellite data and data processing methods for ZPPI Development (NOAA, JAXA and NASA). PT. Marlin as partners in the development of android-based innovation and SCC technology.

With 77% covered by the sea and rich marine resources, Indonesia needs the appropriate technology to manage them. The fast, inexpensive, easy to access and useful for fisherman are preferred. Despite high-tech information, full support from fishermen, stakeholders and related parties is crucial to success. Lesson learned from applying this innovation include: suggesting that a cultural approach is more successful than a formal approach to bringing innovation to fishermen; fishermen's passion for emerging technologies plays a key role in promoting the need to modernize fishing gear; an apprentice fisherman model and sharing experiences such as Indramayu-Gorontalo can be an example of accelerating the application of technology in an area; technical guidance and application of ZPPI information from LAPAN to MACRES Malaysia, Bakamla and TNI-AL, and other related institutions is a form of transfer of knowledge and experience, as well as in order to build synergy with stake holders in Indonesia; education to fishermen groups pre and post technology utilization needs to be carried out by involving the synergy of all related parties (especially education on preserving fish resources and the importance of reporting the results of fishing operations).