Questions/Answers

Palembang City is the Capital of South Sumatra Province with an area of 399.22 km2 and population of 1,558,494. 293,777 people and 19% of the population are students. In 2014, 191 children were involved in various crimes, prosecuted, found guilty and became inmates of Children's Penitentiary in the Special Class Development Institution of Children (LPKA) Class I Palembang. The figure was considered high as it was far beyond the national average of 95 children, based on the Directorate General of Correctional Database System (SDP), April 2014. The data revealed that the implementation of non-formal and equivalent education programs for children in conflict with the Indonesian law has only reached 24% from those convicted, while in Palembang it has only reached 14%. This condition has caused the existence of neglected rights of children’s education, thus efforts of character building and development to restore the good name of children conflicting the law are not optimum. Realizing these conditions, based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) "No One Left Behind", that no child is left behind in obtaining quality education, the Palembang City Government through the Education Office in collaboration with the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Province of South Sumatra and other stakeholders initiated the implementation of Juvenile Filial Schools (SELFI) / Formal Education Services in LPKA Class I Palembang, with education levels comprising elementary, junior and senior high schools. This initiative aims to provide equal opportunities for every child, especially juveniles, in LPKA Class I Palembang to receive quality formal education - creating an impact on the increase of Palembang City’s Human Development Index (HDI), specifically in the aspect of education whereby the inclining graph indicates education quality improvement in Palembang City.

The Filial / Formal Education School for Juveniles in LPKA Class 1 Palembang is a breakthrough in inclusive services for education, including for children in conflict with the law (ABH). This is in line with delivering inclusive and equitable services for all. This also fulfills the tagline "Education For All" developed by the Palembang City Education Office to ensure inclusive education for all children, including those in conflict with the law, as implemented by the Education Office and LPKA Class I Palembang by providing quality formal education to juveniles to achieve zero discrimination in education services.

This initiative supports the achievement of SDGs target by 2030, particularly SDG Goal 4 - ensuring inclusive, quality and equitable education where all children have equal access and opportunities to obtain primary, secondary and tertiary education. Additionally, it ensures equal access for everyone to gain skills, entrepreneurship opportunities and obtain decent work. This initiative has succeeded in encouraging the learning participation of children inmates, from only 14% attending non-formal education to 100% attending formal education. Filial School students in LPKA who have completed their education become civil servants, private employees, entrepreneurs, and religious teachers. With the knowledge and skills gained through formal education at LPKA Class I Palembang, they also succeeded in helping the family economy and becoming a new figure among families and communities. This initiative also encourages the achievement of SDGs on strengthening implementation and revitalizing global partnerships for sustainable development. This is done by establishing cooperation with various stakeholders including the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, Raden Fatah State Islamic University, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Palcomtech Polytechnic, Abdi Nusa College of Psychology, English Language and Computer Tutorial Institute and Indonesian Family Planning Association.

The Mayor of Palembang Regulation No. 25 2016 concerning Filial Schools for Children Confronting Law in LPKA Class I Palembang guarantees regulation sustainability of this initiative, whereas economically this initiative has provided vocational education in collaboration with several business and industrial sectors, such as Palcomtech, BRI and LKP Potensia Palembang. Socially, this initiative has provided a change in juvenile’s characters that made them achievers, whereas families and communities became more acceptable to them after leaving LPKA. This sustainability is also strengthened by the formation of the Harapan Anak Family Forum - a forum for Parents and LPKA children.

Governance-wise, this initiative is able to build a more effective formal education system in LPKA Class I Palembang by establishing collaboration between the Palembang City Education Office and other stakeholders in an effort to develop a Filial School / Formal Education Service for Children in Conflict with the Law in LPKA Klas I Palembang. The teaching-learning system is guided by a formal education curriculum and teaching staff from competent formal schools. General administration-wise, this initiative is able to improve the quality of graduates previously from non-formal to become formal education certificates holders. The formal education certificates received by Palembang LPKA Class I children are similar to formal schools in Palembang City. Possessing a formal education certificate will make it easier for them to pursue higher level education or be used in obtaining more decent jobs. Formal education certificates could eliminate the stigma of child convicts who have completed development in LPKA Class 1 Palembang. In terms of public service, this initiative is able to facilitate bureaucracy in providing access to quality formal education services for child prisoners in LPKA Class I Palembang, ensuring the rights of children in conflict with the law to obtain quality public services and inclusion.

This initiative matches the Palembang City Regional Action Plan as a Child-Friendly City (KLA), whereby one indicator is fulfilling education rights for all children and providing protection for children in education services. Formal education services in LPKA Class I Palembang are inclusive and without gender discrimination - equal rights and opportunities to learn for everyone. In education, Child-Friendly City is realized through Child Friendly Schools by the Palembang City Education Office. Through this, Palembang City Government has received the Decent City for Children award from the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019.

This initiative’s main target is children conflicting with the law by providing them with access to quality formal education through Juvenile Filial Schools / Formal Education Services in LPKA Class I Palembang. The school has made significant changes to child prisoners through formal education, skills training and character building during the detention period. They are able to master multiple skills to become better personalities. Being ensnared by the law did not stop them from pursuing proper education and opportunities to develop their potential. Besides juveniles, this initiative also influences the following groups: Firstly, schools. Schools in LPKA Class I Palembang continues to encourage the creation of inclusive and equitable education through the provision of similar formal education service qualities with common schools. Secondly, families / parents. Children conflicting with the law could turn again a better person, so that the family is able to accept and treat them well and fairly. Thirdly, communities. This initiative has helped to eradicate the stigma that children conflicting the law are bad, because the community has seen ex-Palembang LPKA Class I children able to rise, improve themselves and excel in competing with children outside LPKA.

This initiative is conducted based on the LPKA’s special education service operation and maintenance implementation guide, including: 1. Identification and Assessment Identification of potential students’ age diversity and dropout points to determine learning programs for each individual. 2. Education Management Involving Education Office, LPKA, parent school, companion teacher and society. 3. Student Acceptance Prospective students are accepted according to assessment results, the basis in determining education level. 4. Curriculum and Teaching Materials Based on the parent school curriculum and teaching materials through textbooks, dictates, modules and accessible technology-based teaching materials. 5. Learning Implementation Utilizing conventional, independent face to face dual model organization system. 6. Grading and Graduation Encompassing assessment and its mechanism, level increase, graduation, diploma and certificate. 7. Educators and Educational Personnel 1) Educators are teachers. 2) Educational Personnel is an element of the teaching staff in parent school and responsible for providing education in LPKA. 8. Educational Infrastructure 1) Infrastructure - place for learning activities. 2) Other learning and supporting facilities 9. Institutional Cooperation Cooperation is established with various related stakeholders including government agencies, GLC, RGLC, institutions and NGOs. To guarantee the learning implementation quality in LPKA, it is necessary to conduct monitoring and evaluation through: 1. Targeted academic supervision; learning administration tools, implementation / learning process, general administration. 2. Targeted managerial internal supervision; to support the standards achievement of teaching and learning staffs, infrastructure facilities, management and financing. Monitoring and Evaluation is conducted by: 1. School Supervisor - supervise / monitor teaching and learning activities. 2. Education Office - monitoring and evaluation of education in general. 3. Regional Office of Ministry of Law and Human Rights of South Sumatra Province - monitoring and evaluation of activities and infrastructure availability. The results of monitoring and evaluation activities become input for institutions and related parties to improve service quality.

Often, prospective students do not have previous educational history documents such as report cards, diplomas and self-identification as prerequisites to determinee the eligible level of education. This is solved by searching the prospective student’s family, school or regional education office of origin. Family search is carried out in collaboration with supporting NGOs. Additionally, parents / families' lack of attention towards children in LPKA were found, although they really needed attention. Hence, the Child Hope Family Forum is formed as a forum of togetherness between parents, teachers and LPKA officials in giving attention and guidance to child inmates.

Juvenile Filial Schools / Formal Education Services in LPKA Class I Palembang are very innovative because they can establish collaboration between the Palembang City Education Office, LPKA Class I Palembang and related stakeholders to form an active, creative and innovative teaching and learning processes involving intracuricular, co-curricular and extracurricular activities that are able to shape the attitudes, knowledge and skills of students. It eventually produces prepared quality graduates to compete with common students, evidenced by the achievement of students at regional and national levels, graduates studying at public and private universities, become civil servants, private employees, entrepreneurs and religious teachers.

This initiative is original, the only one in Indonesia and has received various awards: Most Innovative Program from the Central Indonesian Family Planning Association (2016); Most Innovative Program from the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture (2016); Best Child-Friendly LPKA based on character and responsive to children's rights from the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (2017), Inspirative and Innovative Pilot LPKA from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights (2017), as well as being among the TOP 99 and TOP 45 public service innovation competition winners from the Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform (2019).

Many parties visited to observe, learn and research the Filial school in LPKA Class I Palembang, among are students, academicians, organizations, agencies, institutions and agencies in Indonesia; volunteers from Australia, France, Canada, Spain, Chile and Singapore through Storytelling and Games; Phillippino students together with BKKBN Genre Ambassador Dr. Seto Mulyadi, S.Psi., M.Si with The Asia Foundation (TAF); and the Danish Ambassador in his visit stated "LPKA Children in Palembang The Best Lapas I Have Visited". The education service initiative in LPKA has been replicated by several regions in Indonesia, including: 1. LPKA Bandung City has implemented formal education services by establishing schools in prisons, but the existing schools are still privately-owned, such that the school alumnis are more commonly labeled as prison school graduates. 2. LPKA Class II Bengkulu currently conducts formal education in LPKA by collaborating with the Bengkulu City Education Office. 3. LPKA Kendari has fulfilled the rights of education for children to attend school for children in LPKA, but the related schools that are still collaborating with PKBM still provides non-formal education.

Besides being replicated by several regions, this initiative has the potential to be developed in all LPKA in Indonesia spread across 33 Provinces. The statement of replication was delivered by the Director General of Corrections of the Indonesian Ministry of Law and Human Rights on October 24, 2019 during the opening speech of the Directorate General of Strategic Planning for 2020-2024 in an effort to fulfill the education rights of child prisoners in LPKA and discussions on determining the educational model in LPKA, with the Speaker Palembang City Education.

Main funding comes from the Palembang City Education Office Budget and Class 1 LPKA Palembang, supported by related parties such as the Governor of South Sumatra Aid, Ministry of Education and Culture Aid, GLC Assistance through CSR programs, the South Sumatra Regional Library Assistance and the Palembang Trustees Foundation. The funding is allocated through incentives for teachers, educational infrastructure and teaching-learning equipment. This initiative is also supported by competent and professional human resources comprising teaching staff, academics, businesses and industries, companion volunteers, education offices, health services, population and civil registry services, religious ministries, social services, and Class 1 LPKA Palembang.

To ensure the sustainability of this initiative, fund allocations are available through the National School Operational Assistance (BOS) from the State Budget (APBN) and Regional School Operational Assistance (BOSDA) from the Regional Budget for Revenue and Expenditure (APBD), attached to the respective parent schools. To strengthen institutions, the Palembang City Government has issued the Mayor of Palembang Regulation No. 25 2016 concerning Filial Schools for Child Prisoners in LPKA Class I Palembang. In addition, this initiative has been summarized in the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and the Palembang City Government's Strategic Plan for the Year 2018-2023.

Yes

Monitoring and evaluation are implemented in stages and periodically as below: 1. Palembang City Education Office Focused on organizing teaching and learning activities periodically every 6 months. 2. Class 1 LPKA Palembang Focused on supporting facilities as well as teaching and learning safety process. 3. School Conducting Midterm Exams, End Semester Exams (UAS), Class Grading Examinations (UKK), School Exams (US) and National Exams (UN). 4. School Superintendent a. Monitoring and evaluating special service education learning tools in LPKA. b. Supervise mentoring and fostering of special service education provisioning in LPKA.

Indicators used to evaluate the special education services implementation in LPKA include: 1. Learning Administration Tools Comprising Learning Program Plan and Syllabus according to implementation in parent school, Annual Program, Semester Program, Remedial Program and List of attitude, knowledge and skills assessment. 2. Learning Process Implementation Teaching-learning presentation in the classroom. 3. General Administration Tools Includes a list of student attendance and assessment result administration. 4. Curriculum and Student Includes documents related to curriculum and student’s documents. 5. Facilities / Infrastructure Includes learning tools inside and outside the classroom; data involving number, conditions, useful time and users.

The initiative impacts are: a. The Palembang City Human Development Index (HDI) increased from 77.02 in 2014 to 77.89 in 2018. Education-wise, the school average length increased from 10.23 in 2014 to 10.37 in 2018 (BPS 2019). b. The number of juveniles in Class 1 LPKA Palembang decreased from 191 in 2014 to 84 in 2018 (SDP Dirjenpas 2019), showing no repeated law violations by ex-LPKA juveniles. c. 112 children completed formal education - 58% pursuing higher education, 4.5% working in the government sector, 9.8% in private sector, 7.2% self-employed, 8.9% not working, 11.6% unknown (2019 mentoring report data). d. Currently the Filial School for Street Children and School Drop Outs are developed in Palembang City, whereby the number of school dropouts reached 1,278 (PDSP 2018). This initiative is supported by proportional and professional human resources, supported by competent stakeholders in their fields. The evaluation results observed decline in the number of juveniles in Class 1 LPKA, hence to maintain this initiative’s existence, transfers are conducted for juveniles in prison / District/City Bapas in South Sumatra to Class 1 LPKA Palembang, done through a request to the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of South Sumatra.

This innovation is conducted by the Palembang City Government in collaboration with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Office of South Sumatra, based on the MoU between the Mayor of Palembang and Head of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regional Office of South Sumatra on August 17, 2014. The Palembang City Government stipulates the organizers of filial schools in Class 1 LPKA Palembang with the parent schools, while the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regional Office of South Sumatera designates Class 1 LPKA Palembang as a place for filial school activities. The various stakeholders involved: - Ditjendikdasmen Kemdikbud provides financial assistance; - South Sumatra Social Service provides support for social services development; - Palembang City Population and Civil Registry Service issues a child's identity card; - Cooperation between Raden Fatah State Islamic University of Palembang, Abdi Nusa Palembang High School and Palcomtech in education, research, community service and human resource development; - KONI South Sumatra provides training and sports coaching; - PKBI South Sumatra provides assistance and guidance for children and families. - Yayasan Bina Autis Mandiri trains jumput and batik skills; - Palembang Potensia Course and Training Institute teach English and computer skills.

This initiative is managed by engaging several elements: Palembang City Education Office, LPKA, parent schools, teachers, parent's forum and community elements with the following roles: 1. The Palembang City Education Office verifies the place of learning activities in LPKA, establishes a parent school, conducts coaching, monitoring, evaluates the education implementation and provides recommendations for students who have completed their development. 2. Class 1 LPKA Palembang conducts identification and assessment of conditions and educational needs of the children. 3. Parent schools (SDN 25 Palembang, SMPN 22 Palembang, SMAN 11 Palembang) prepare the curriculum and teaching materials and teaching staffs; conduct Midterms, End Semester, Class Grading, School and National Examinations; manage and report student learning progress and parent’s documents; and issue report cards and diplomas. 4. Teachers conduct teaching-learning process - planning, implementing and evaluating learning results based on the applied curriculum. 5. Parents' forum socialize and develop cooperation networks; act as a forum for the development of the children's families. 6. Societies consist of various elements including GLCs, academicians, NGOs and Course Institutions, tasked with providing various forms of moral and material assistance.

Lessons learned: - Children in LPKA are not as bad as the stigma on them. They can be fostered to be better, improve their characters and upon leaving LPKA become a new person in the community. - Cross-sector collaboration that works well, synergically and comprehensively can help the children in meeting expectations for achieving a bright future. - The quality of Filial School students in LPKA are comparable with common students; they can work and excel at local and national levels, for example become the winner of the Palembang City karate competition or the winner of the poetry competition. - This initiative teaches us that quality education must be available in any conditions, anywhere, anytime because it is every child’s right. In the drafting of the Director General of Ministry of Law and Human Rights Strategic Plan Year 2020-2024 regarding efforts to fulfill the rights of children in LPKA, it has been recommended to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia and the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia to determine the mechanism, technical and timing of the education implementation in LPKA throughout Indonesia on a massive scale.