Questions/Answers

Interest among East Java residents to become Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) are relatively high. In 2018 there were 70,381 workers or a quarter of overall PMI in Indonesia. In East Java in 2019, 62.34% of migrant workers were in the informal sector, whereby 74.83% were women (37.85% with families and 7.60% divorced). Women workers are also vulnerable to workplace issues due to skill incompetencies, non-procedural works, criminal acts when returning home (3.64%) while the remaining were not recorded. Based on their return status, 515 women workers were unskilled and had issues with their employers. In East Java in 2017, 4.924 PMI were non-procedural workers. To ensure protection of East Java migrant workers, the Manpower and Transmigration Service of East Java Province has devised an innovative solution known as Integrated Information System and Service for Indonesian Migrant Workers (simPADU-PMI). This program innovates in providing access to work information, consultation on safe and procedural works, simple and transparent document management services. As it progresses, simPADU-PMI is developed to become East Java Migrant Care Service - providing training and certification based on poverty data, security assurance upon arrival at the airport until reaching home, retirement vocational guidance, transit shelter facilitation and mediation, free ambulance assistance as well as documents management using e-KTP access to reduce the risks of data falsification. Information services are online-based, mobile units are deployed to reach remote areas, while podcast programs are conducted to educate and greet migrant workers abroad. On assisting to solve issues while working abroad, simPADU-PMI creates an emergency call/crisis center to immediately coordinate with Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Manpower and Indonesian Migrant Worker Protection Agency (BP2MI). Based on services and development, simPADU-PMI has produced a decline in issues, portraying the Government's alignment on the protection of vulnerable groups among migrant workers.

SimPADU-PMI is in line with the agenda of promoting gender equality in public services based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Target 5.1: to end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere. simPADU-PMI attempts to protect migrant workers from East Java, whereby 51.711 (70.68%) are women. Efforts are made by improving migration documents management and empowering skills, whilst women workers could increase their capacity and self-protection when working abroad. These have impacted on eliminating brokers, discrimination in services, pressure from moneylenders for training costs and workplace issues, apart from being more skillful and safer when returning home.

SimPADU-PMI promotes the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals, aimed at Target 5.1: “End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere” and Target 5.2: “Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation” through: 1. Information access programs, document services, training and certification assistance for capacity building, providing security guarantees upon return, from the airport until reaching home. 2. Information guidance regarding rights, obligations and risks, document authenticity assurance and assistance on arising issues. 3. Eliminating practices and roles of the brokers and moneylenders on expenses of going abroad. 4. Financial aids for training and certification, eliminating discriminatory, violent and exploitation practices of prospective migrant workers while in shelters, improving skills as well as eliminating acts of trafficking. 5. Adopting and strengthening policies through the Local Regulation concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families as well as integrating SimPADU–PMI into the Regional Long Term Development Plan (RPJMD). Increasing the number of migrant workers who work procedurally will reduce the risk of problematic migrant workers and indirectly eliminate poverty in their villages.

SimPADU-PMI requires budget and means to support the prevention of non-procedural migrant workers. On operational requirements, implementation and law enforcement, the East Java Province issued the Local Regulation Year 2021 concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. This regulation is expected to eliminate brokers, non-procedural placements or human trafficking. This program managed to save recruitment costs by five million per person. They also received training and certification assistance amounting nine million per person in cooperation with the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower's Productive Migrant Village (Desmigratif) program, local Village Heads of Migrant Workers and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).

SimPADU-PMI carries positive significance in overcoming the challenges of placement and protection for PMI. Improved administrative governance include expanding information access to remote villages; acceleration, transparency and fixed processing time and cost of a PMI candidate’s placement document handling; decline in workplace issues and number of non-procedural PMI; protection from the airport until reaching home; improved skills and reduced costs due to brokers and moneylenders. With the One Roof Integrated Service, document processing is completed within one day; passport processing within three working days whereas new PMI applicants are guaranteed zero Rupiah. Training and certification fees assistance from the East Java Provincial Government APBD saved at least Rp14 million from brokers and potential salary cuts for debt repayments. The quality and quantity of training for PMI applicants can be controlled as they are not based on the duration of job order decline, able to eliminate discrimination, violence and exploitation at the shelter. Juanda Airport in East Java Province is the safest for migrant workers returning home through the placement of special officers. The PMI vocational program is an aid for retired PMI and their families. They are trained on literacy and entrepreneurship to manage remittances effectively, in a well-planned manner.

1. Online services will improve understanding of rights, obligations, documents and risks before working. 2. Quicker document processing will reduce the involvement of brokers and potential discrimination. 3. Reducing potential document falsification since connected to e-KTP and Passport data. 4. Throughout 2021, 46,289 migrant workers chose to disembark at Juanda airport, whereby 94.86% were women. 5. 651 (80.27%) female workers who received training and certification fees assistance managed to avoid moneylenders and exploitation in shelters. These activities have succeeded in reducing public service complaints by 50% and cases of problematic women workers from 14.26% in 2018 to 1.73% in 2020.

Target groups are current and potential women migrant workers in the informal sector. Gender inequality issues solved: 1. One Roof Integrated Service through its transparent services, fixed processing time and fees, managed in combating brokers, document falsification and marital status as it is connected to e-KTP data. It also reduces cases of unprocedural migrant workers. 2. Online application (simPADU PMI – http://p3tki-jatim.go.id), an information dissemination on vacancies, consultation and complaints that could reach migrant worker villages with the help of mobile units, aimed to prevent fraud and improve understanding on rights, obligations and risks, especially for potential women worker applicants. 3. Skills development and competency certificate assistance programs managed to reduce fraud, exploitation at shelters and human trafficking; ease potential workplace issues and the number of non-procedural migrant workers as well as eliminating moneylenders and salary deductions from companies exploiting migrant workers. 4. Counter helpdesk and crisis center services are able to provide a sense of security from arrival to the area of origin and eliminate criminal possibilities when returning at the airport by travel agents. 5. Encouraging the empowerment of remittance among migrant workers and their families for productive activities through financial literacy and entrepreneurship guidance.

This service contains information, consultation and complaint facilities integrated with training/certification services and One Roof Integrated Service for Indonesian Migrant Workers. It is expected to improve the limitations of information access to working abroad, ensuring fixed flow, time and fee transparency of document service, as well as efforts to empower retired PMI on remittance management and productive economic activities through financial literacy and entrepreneurship programs. Key steps to maintain the quality of simPADU-PMI are implementing the motto of work culture (easy, secure and protected), maintaining the spirit and commitment to provide services wholeheartedly, continuously improving to meet customer expectations. Other key steps include the construction of the One Roof Integrated Service (LTSA) building, access to information, consultation and complaints via online (http://disnakertrans.jatimprov.go.id or http://p3tki-jatim.go id) and the implementation of "Free Gratuity Integrity Zone". Implementation stages of simPADU-PMI are as follows: 1. Establishing organizational commitments (internal and external) 2. Building IT-based facilities, infrastructure and service systems 3. Training service personnel 4. Creating Citizen Charter, Standard Operation Procedure and Service Flow; promotion and operation of simPADU-PMI mobile units to visit migrant worker villages; intervention of training and certification assistance programs at accredited Government or private Job Training Centers. 5. Transfer programs to districts/cities, especially at PMI villages in East Java and other provinces 6. Continuous promotion and evaluation activities held monthly, quarterly and annually. The development of simPADU-PMI into East Java Migrant Care program is more focused on the assistance of training and certification costs, hence solving the following challenges: 1. Issues on cost structure and multiple installments or charges 2. Brokering, non-procedural acts and human trafficking especially vulnerable groups (young and women job seekers) 3. Discrimination and violence at shelters as well as modus of reducing training hours to pursue job orders and save training costs

1. Migrant worker programs are impacting international policies, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Regulations between Ministries and Agencies made bureaucracy more complicated. A solution - optimizing placements for formal sectors / specified skilled workers. 2. Strong trust in brokers or former PMIs compared to Service officers. Solutions include dissemination, village head’s guidance, mobile units and training/certification assistance for poor citizens/families based on Social Welfare Integrated Data (DTKS). 3. Weak commitment from local governments during the initiative’s initial stage was solved through the Local Regulation Year 2021 concerning Protection of Migrant Workers and Their Families to strengthen support from provincial governments.

Generally local governments would only provide passive administrative services for migrant workers. SimPADU-PMI actively provides services from pre-departure until return. SimPADU-PMI’s online application and mobile units are able to expand access to information and consultation. One Roof Integrated Service provides transparency, guaranteed processing time and tariffs and zero-Rupiah passport fees. East Java Migrant Care services offer assistance on training and certification costs, security guarantees upon arrival at the airport, retirement vocational guidance, and shelter facilitation. To help solve issues during work, emergency calls and PodCast are set up.

SimPADU-PMI is an effort by East Java Province prior to the issuance of Law Number 18 Year 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. SimPADU-PMI is an adaptation of the one-roof integrated service in 45 regions in Indonesia. Its uniqueness is service integration - job information, document services, work monitoring, airport arrivals, retirement empowerment and protection shelter. On the implementation of Law Number 18 Year 2017 concerning protection of Indonesian migrant workers, simPADU-PMI is a good example of commitment by local governments through training and certification fee assistance programs especially for vulnerable or poor groups, and supporting gender-responsive programs.

SimPADU-PMI’s service operation is closely related with technology - from accessing job search information, consultation and complaints via online to managing work documents at the e-KTP data-connected LTSA to ensure legality and passport data. All customers’ responses utilize barcode and manual forms. At the airport helpdesk counter through the online registration upon arrival, it is sufficient to display the barcode for re-registration with the duty officer. Panic Button or Emergency Call applications are available for urgent service requirements. Job search and training assistance are specifically connected to the DTKS for poor migrant workers.

SimPADU-PMI can be accessed directly or online. With easy accessibility and practicality, simPADU-PMI has been transferred and adapted by 8 district-level Manpower Offices in East Java Province in Tulungagung, Ponorogo, Banyuwangi, Malang, Pamekasan, Blitar, Kediri and Madiun and 4 provincial-level regions in North Sumatera, South Sulawesi, Central Java and Bali. To facilitate a pilot transfer of simPADU-PMI and its development, promotion, improvement of services and skills and protection for PMI from pre-employment to retirement are catered according to the authority of local governments. Transfers include ideas and concepts to provide the best service, change internalization management, budgeting, implementation of Free Gratuity Integrity Zone and LTSA, job market, consultation and complaints’ IT systems, and data collection upon airport arrival as strong promotions to encourage safe migration and quality public services. Development of connectivity services through e-KTP and poverty data, counter helpdesk services at airports, emergency/panic button applications, arrival status data collection, free ambulance service, troubled migrant worker shelters and training and certification fee assistance programs have only been implemented by the East Java Government as strong commitment from regional leaders and solid collaboration between stakeholders are needed.

SimPADU-PMI has been transferred and adapted by 8 district-level Manpower Offices in East Java Province in Tulungagung, Ponorogo, Banyuwangi, Malang, Pamekasan, Blitar, Kediri and Madiun and 4 provincial-level regions in North Sumatera, South Sulawesi, Central Java and Bali.

The implementation of simPADU-PMI involves human resources, funds, equipment and promotions. In terms of internal human resources, simPADU-PMI is supported by functional staffs and personnel with IT capabilities, whereas supporting external stakeholders include the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI), Population Service, East Java Regional Police, Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) for Employment, Immigration Department and placement companies. The budget allocation from East Java Provincial Government rose from Rp. 3.2 billion to 11.9 billion in 202, used for LTSA operations, airport counter helpdesk, job fairs and officer transportation. Most of the budget are allocated for training and certification fee assistance.

SimPADU-PMI requires strong support from internal and external parties to become sustainable. Internal support includes caderization of administrative and technical functional officers as well as collaboration with the task force to prevent non-procedural migrant workers at international departure embarkations. Eventually, these are integrated into the East Java Province Medium-Term Development Plan as a support to the budget allocation. The East Java Government have issued a Local Regulation concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers and Their Families. Through this, protection measures including economic and social impacts are accommodated. Strategic external support includes village heads, the banking sector, universities, and non-governmental organizations.

Yes

1. Evaluation targets: users include prospective and current migrant workers and user companies. External evaluation targets: Migrant Workers Union, District/city Manpower Office, BLK and Associations 2. Integrated service evaluation indicators include assessment on satisfaction levels, suggestions, complaints and appreciations and annual periodic satisfaction surveys evaluation indicators, covering 12 Community Satisfaction Indexes and Key Performance Indicators (KPI) Achievement. 3. Survey patterns, interviews, suggestion boxes and direct feedbacks (QR barcodes) to users/stakeholders 4. Evaluation executors include the internal team, external survey institutions, Ministry of Manpower team and Menpan RB team for sustainability and replication, and implementation of Free Gratuity Integrity Zone (WBK).

1. Integrated service evaluation indicators include satisfaction level assessment, suggestion, complaints and appraisal 2. Annual periodic satisfaction survey evaluation indicators, covering 14 Community Satisfaction Indexes: ease of procedure, service requirement suitability, clarity and certainty of officers, discipline, responsibility, ability, achievement, fairness, cost reasonableness, tariff suitability, timeliness, convenience and service security. 3. Bureaucratic Reform Unit’s 6 change area indicators: change management, manager, HR management, strengthening supervision, strengthening performance accountability and improving the quality of public services. 4. Target indicators for training and certification assistance include target suitability with evaluations in the long term on benefit significance and welfare improvement.

General evaluation: 1. Online services increase understanding of rights, obligations, documents and risks before working and reduce the roles of middlemen 2. One-stop service operations provide quicker document processing (1 day), reducing the roles of middlemen and potential discrimination. 3. E-KTP data access reduce potentials of personal document and passport falsification. 4. Juanda International Airport Counter Helpdesk and special officers provide safe options for migrant workers when returning home. 5. Female recipients for training and competency certification assistance in the informal sector could avoid moneylenders, exploitation in shelters and skill incompetencies. 6. Public complaints were successfully reduced by 50% whilst cases of problematic women workers declined from 14.26% in 2018 to 1.73% in 2020 Improvement efforts: 1. Public service evaluation: PDCA pattern should include inputs from external parties. 2. On one-stop service, it is necessary to strengthen the internalization of public service functions and commitment from service officers, complaints handling, improving service flow and hours in media that is easily readable by customers. 3. Massive dissemination to prospective poor migrant workers and village heads could eliminate brokers, moneylenders, human traffickers and non-procedural works. Provision of training facilities for prospective migrant workers will also be increased.

Protection of PMI aims to guarantee fulfillment and enforcement of human rights as citizens and PMI as a vulnerable group. Technical protection refers to the ILO convention no.143 (Law No.6 of 2012 concerning international conventions regarding protection of the rights of all migrant workers and their family members) and Law 18 of 2017- the protection of Indonesian migrant workers. At government level, East Java Governor Regulation No.62 of 2018 concerning worker placement and protection services is applied - vocational program for retirees and shelters for protection of migrant workers are included in the East Java Governor’s 2019-2024 Program. East Java Governor Regulation No. 24 of 2018 dated May 21, 2018 concerning amendments to the Regulation No. 66 of 2017 regulates the operation of LTSA. Skill improvement and certification program for prospective migrant workers in the 2019-2024 RPJMD are among the 8 priority programs of East Java Provincial Government to increase human resources, reduce open unemployment and increase workforce participation rates. Initiation of simPADU-PMI is based on the complicated, bureaucratic conditions of pre-placement document services, very limited information access that are mostly controlled by middlemen, high costs and non-transparency. This triggers the community to choose non-procedural paths or use brokers.

Internal stakeholders include the Manpower and Transmigration Office of East Java Province, tasked with managing services and protection of migrant workers including exchange information, work consultations and complaints, LTSA document service operations coordinator, Juanda Airport Arrivals Helpdesk Counter and protection of problematic migrant workers through shelters, mediation and free ambulance delivery. SimPADU-PMI is also supported by 6 external stakeholders from LTSA: BP2MI Desk supports the placement permit document service, document checking by the Population Desk, Certificate of Police Records by the Police Desk, Health Desk, Insurance by the BPJS Desk and work passport issuance by the Immigration Desk. There are 38 district/city manpower offices supporting the dissemination of information, provision of prospective migrant workers and population administration, 16 Job Training Centers as partners for preparing and improving skills and 138 overseas job placement companies as job placement agents. At the central level, stakeholders include the Ministry of Manpower, BP2MI and the Corruption Eradication Commission, Ombudsman, Menpan & Bureaucratic Reform as public service coaches. To help solve the challenges of migrant workers abroad, simPADU-PMI collaborates with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Manpower Attaché in each country of placement as well as Civil Society Organizations concerned with migrant workers.

Inter-institutional synergy and information dissemination are positive lessons learned from the implementation of simPADU-PMI that strongly supports gender equality and empowerment. The assurance of processing time and tariffs and the presence of Gratutity Integrity Free Zone will increase public trust. Through e-KTP data access, document falsification is reduced. SimPADU-PMI helps to increase self-protection during pre-placement through training and certification assistance. It could also reduce skill-related issues at workplace, brokers, moneylenders and human trafficking as well as helping poor female applicants from East Java to gain opportunities and optimal protection. The concept of simPADU-PMI development into East Java Migrant Care program continues and requires strengthening inter-agency coordination, technical guidance, personnel caderization, service standards improvement and evaluation continuity based on problem identification in-field. Strengthening the roles of village heads as service frontliners is very strategic to prevent non-procedural migrant workers. On budget, financial support for training, competency certification and productive economic empowerment are urgently needed for migrant workers and their families. With simPADU-PMI, the typical perception of migrant workers with dirty, difficult and dangerous jobs is gradually transformed into skilled and protected migrant workers. Solid roles and commitment by the East Java government have become the branding of quality public services.