Questions/Answers

Palembang has an area of 399.22 km2, inhabited by 1,558,494 people, and a density of 3,890 people/km² (Central Bureau of Statistics 2014). It is inseparable from urban problems such as crime and juvenile delinquency. In 2014 there were 191 Children in Conflict with the Law (CCL) detained at the Class 2A Palembang Children's Prison, far above the national average of 95 children (Directorate General of the 2014 Correctional Data System). Previously, the participation was only 24% of 3,000 CCL in Indonesia. In Palembang it reached 14%, meaning 86% were prone to dropping out of school. Furthermore, the education was non-formal, ineffective and minimal learning outcomes. As a result, the children's education rights were neglected; efforts to build character and vindication of CCL were not optimal. About 55% of CCL released from the Penitentiary recommitted criminal acts. After the innovation, it became 3%. With the spirit of SDGs "No One Left Behind" meaning that not a single child is left behind in getting education, Palembang City in collaboration with the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of South Sumatra Province initiated the implementation of Filial Schools/Formal Education Services for Child Prisoners at the Class-1 Palembang Special Education Institution from elementary, junior and senior high school levels. The Directorate General of Corrections of Ministry of Law and Human Rights stipulates Filial Schools to be the education model for the CCI throughout Indonesia and requires all CCL to attend education, meaning that nationally it was 24% previously and currently the Palembang CCI is 100% increasing from 14% previously. The initiative impacted the HDI of Palembang City from 77.02 to 78.44 in 2014 and 2019 respectively, and nationally it increased from 68.90 to 71.92. The average length of schooling increased from 10.23 to 10.52 in 2014 and 2019 respectively (BPS,2020).

Formal Education Filial School for Child Prisoners at CCI of Class 1 Palembang is a breakthrough ensuring inclusive, qualified and equal education. It supports learning opportunities particularly for those prone to dropping out of school due to legal issues. The learning process is conducted using the formal school education curriculum, but the personal approach of the teacher is more emphasized by mentoring and guiding mental recovery and building enthusiasm for learning. Administratively, students are registered online in the education main data system to create equality to other students outside CCI. The information technology exists to support the effective learning process.

This initiative is very relevant in supporting the achievement of the Target (SDGs 4), where children in conflict with the law still receive inclusive and qualified education from elementary to secondary education. It ensures that children serving criminal sentences do not lose their educational rights. They are accompanied by competent teachers to shape them to have intellectual, emotional and spiritual intelligence. This supports the achievement of SDGs Indicators (4.1.1). All children serving a sentence are ensured to be able to read, write and count through an active learning process in class. (4.3) After completing the Filial School Education, students obtain a certificate that can be used to continue to a higher education level. (4.4) Students in CCI are provided with vocational education to have expertise and skills in IT, Computers and Graphic Design through Collaboration with STMIK Palcomtech and potential LKP. Foreign language skill is carried out collaborating with the Private English Institute, and skills of producing weaving handicrafts and Palembang typical batik guided by the Bina Autis Mandiri Foundation. These skills support them to get decent jobs. (4.7) The basic rights to obtain children's education are fulfilled to support sustainable development and lifestyle with a peace and non-violence culture.

Socially, education is an absolute necessity for children in conflict with the law to have a future. The Strategy Plan of the Directorate General of Corrections of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights 2020-2024 establishes the initiative as a Pilot Model for Fulfilling the Education Right to CCI throughout Indonesia. Economically, the initiative provides skills and expertise for students. Currently, the alumni of the education at CCI work in government agencies (7.5%), private companies (14.8%), entrepreneurship (30%), and non-permanent jobs (47.7%). The output can eliminate the stigma of CCL in the community after serving a detention period

In governance aspect, the Palembang Class 1 CCL plays a role in ensuring the classrooms and other supporting infrastructure. The Office of Education of Palembang City provides Teachers, Education Personnel, and Educational Administration through Parent Schools of SD Negeri 25, SMP Negeri 22, and SMA Negeri 11. This partnership is also supported by the financial support by Ministry of Education, practical tools by BRI, and Corporate Social Responsibility Forum of Palembang City. In general administration, the initiative can improve the quality of graduates from previously having non-formal education certificates to formal education certificates. The latter received by the children of Palembang Class 1 CCL are the same as the formal school education certificates in Palembang City. Having a formal education certificate will help them to continue their study to a higher level of education or get more decent jobs. Formal education certificates remove the stigma for child Prisoners having completed their training at Palembang Class 1 CCL. In public service, this initiative can facilitate the bureaucracy in providing access to qualified formal education services to child Prisoners at Palembang Class 1 CCL, thus it guarantees the rights of CCL to obtain public services in inclusive and qualified education.

The initiative paralle correctional institutions is with the Regional Action Plan for Palembang City as a Child Friendly City (CFC) whose one of the indicators is the fulfillment of the children’s education right and providing children protection. Formal education services of Palembang Class 1 CCL are inclusive and all genders have the same rights and opportunities to study. The Office of Education of Palembang City realizes the Child Friendly City by establishing Child Friendly Schools. For this achievement, Palembang City received the CFC award from the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019.

The main target of this initiative is Children in Conflict with Laws by providing them access to quality formal education, through Filial Schools, Formal Education Services for Child Prisoners at the Palembang Class 1 CCL. This school provides significant changes to child Prisoners through formal education, skills training and character building during their prison term. They can master several skills and become better persons. Although their condition is in conflict with the law, it does not limit them from getting a proper education and opportunities to develop their existing potential. Apart from child Prisoners, the initiative also impacts on other groups: 1. Schools, where school in Palembang Class 1 CCL continue to encourage inclusive and equitable education through the provision of formal education services of the same quality as schools in general. 2. Family/parents, children in conflict with the law can return to being better persons, so that the family can accept and treat them properly and fairly. 3. Public, this initiative helps erase the stigma that a child in conflict with the law is a bad child, because the community sees the former Palembang Class 1 CCL children can rise, improve and excel and compete with children outside CCL.

The initiative began in 2014 when the CCL presented the lack of education services whose learning participation was only 14%. Responding to this condition, the Office of Education of Palembang City initiated the establishment of a formal school in CCL to ensure the implementation of an orderly learning process and it is served by competent teachers by the following steps: 1. Child identification and assessment at Palembang Class 1 CCL 2. Educational Management Arrangement 3. Student Admission 4. Organizing the Curriculum and Teaching Materials 5. Learning is in classrooms like a formal school However, to be effective, the teachers prefer to use a personal approach to build children's trust and a sense of comfort with teachers’ attention. 6. Assessment and Graduation 7. Educators and Education Personnel 1) Educators are teachers. 2) Education Personnel. 8. Educational Facilities 1) Learning Activity Infrastructure. 2) Learning Facilities and Other Support 9. Institutional Collaboration Collaborating with various relevant stakeholders of government agencies, SOEs, Regional-Owned Enterprises, institutions and NGOs To guarantee the quality, the monitoring and evaluation are conducted as follows: 1. Academic supervision aiming at completeness of administration, learning process, administration. 2. Internal managerial supervision aiming at supporting the achievement of standards for educators and education personnel, infrastructure, management and financing. The monitoring is carried out by: 1. School Supervisor; supervise teaching and learning activities. 2. Education Agency; monev on the implementation of education in general. 3. Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of South Sumatra Province; monev regarding the activities and availability of school infrastructure. The monev results are used as input for institutions and related parties to improve service quality. One of the evaluation results is to transfer CCL in detention centers/prisons in South Sumatra to Palembang Class 1 CCL due to the decrease of children in CCL.

There were often found cases of prospective students having no previous educational documents of report cards, certificates and personal identities to meet the requirement for attending education. The problem is resolved by tracing the family, school of origin or the regional education office of the prospective student. Tracing to families is carried out in collaboration with assisting NGOs. Besides, low parental/family attention becomes a problem for the children in CCL; in fact, they really need attention. Actually, there is a Hope Children Family Forum for togetherness among parents, teachers and CCL officers in providing attention and guidance to child Prisoners.

Filial School of Formal Education Services for Child Prisoners at Palembang Class 1 CCL is very innovative because it is the only formal government school established within the CCL whose classrooms like formal schools in general. At the beginning, the learning atmosphere was disorganized and uncomfortable for teachers to do the teaching process, but now it is in order. The family relationship between teachers and students is very good. The active, creative and innovative teaching and learning process goes well, including intracurricular, co-curricular and extracurricular activities for shaping the students’ attitudes, knowledge and skills to produce qualified graduates.

This initiative originated from a report by the CCL regarding the inadequate availability of education services at Palembang Class 1 CCL, because the education was non-formal and the learning participation level was 14%. The Office of Education of Palembang City establishes an inclusive and quality formal education Filial School. This is the first initiative in Indonesia to implement formal schools for children in prisons and they are stipulated as a national pilot model for education patterns in CCL throughout Indonesia by the Directorate General of Society of Ministry of Law and Human Rights in the 2020-2024 Strategic Plan in Thailand.

The Filial School IT application runs well, starting from data on students, teachers and education personnel already integrated online through the Main Education Data System of the Ministry of Education and Culture. It is an integrated national scale data collection system and the main source of national education data in realizing an intelligent and competitive Indonesia. The use of IT is supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure, and the available computer laboratory as an online learning medium through learning applications developed by the Palcomtect Palembang Computer Education Institute to encourage the realization of digital government policy in the globalization era.

Many visit the Filial School at Palembang Class 1 CCL for studying and conducting research such as students, academics, organizations, agencies, institutions, and agencies from within the country and overseas like volunteers from Australia, France, Canada, Spain, Chile, Singapore, Filipino students with the BKKBN Genre Ambassador, Mr. Seto Mulyadi with The Asia Foundation, and the Ambassador of Denmark. The initiative was presented at an international meeting in Thailand. The Directorate General of Corrections of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia replicates the initiative as a national pilot model for the child education at CCL to be implemented throughout Indonesia and it is outlined in the 2020-2024 strategic plan. Meeting the needs of Education for CCL must be undertaken by all CCLs in Indonesia to replicate the Filial School or apply other patterns according to their respective conditions. The Ministry of Law and Human Rights policy states child Prisoners placed in adult prisons must be transferred to CCL to maximally foster and fulfil children's education rights. This is reinforced by the Decree of Minister of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia on Guidelines for the Transfer of Child Convicts, Child Prisoners and Students.

A formal school owned by the government becomes special because it is established in prison and can be maximally organized and developed by the local government. In 2020, Palembang City budgeted nearly 1.2 billion rupiah for the improvement of classrooms, libraries, and procurement of furniture and supporting facilities. The collaboration between the local government and the CCL can be followed by other regions. The Office of Education of Palembang City, Palembang Class 1 CCL and the Parent Schools have their responsibility to complement each other to meet the needs. Stakeholder supports make the initiative stronger and many private sectors assist.

The routine funding derives from the School Operation Aid (BOS) for SD Rp.900,000 and SMP Rp.1,100,000 per child/year, and is supported by other stakeholders: Ministry of Education and Culture, Governor of South Sumatra, the CSR programs of PT.Pusri and PLN, the South Sumatra Regional Library Agency and the Palembang Pembina Foundation. There are ARROUND than 100 competent and professional teachers, academics, clergy, health workers, business and industry, and accompanying volunteers supporting the initiative. Palembang Class 1 CCL provides facilities and infrastructure and the officers supervise the mobilization of children in various activities at the Filial School in an orderly manner.

The Regulation of Palembang Mayor Number 25 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Filial Schools becomes the basis and commitment to allocate budgets to the schools. In 2020, the budget for developing and repairing filial schools reaches 1.2 billion rupiah. The Central Government allocates the BOS for Rp. 900,000, Rp. 1,100,000, and Rp. 1,500.000 for SD, SMP,SMA levels respectively per child/year. The funding support from both Regional and Central Governments expectedly guarantees the sustainability of the Filial School. The initiative is a priority target summarized in the RPJMD and the Strategic Plan of Palembang City Government for 2018-2023.

Yes

The evaluation is conducted gradually and periodically as follows: 1.Office of Education of Palembang City Monitoring and evaluation focus on conducting periodic teaching and learning activities and the condition of the number of students. 2. Palembang Class 1 CCL Monitoring and evaluation focus on supporting facilities, sustainability and comfort of the teaching and learning process. 3. Parent School Carrying out Mid-Semester Exam, Final Semester Exam, Grade Promotion Exam, School Exams and National Exams. 4. School Supervisor a.Monitoring and evaluating the learning device at CCL. b.Supervising to guide and foster the implementation of CCL special service education.

The indicators include: 1. Completeness of Learning Administration Lesson Plan (RPP) and Syllabus as used in the parent school, Annual Program, Semester Program, Remedial Program and List of attitude, knowledge and skills assessment. 2. Learning Process Implementation Delivery of teaching and learning activities in the classroom. 3. Completeness of General Administration The list of student attendance, and administration of assessment results. 4. Curriculum and Students Documents related to the curriculum and student documents. 5. Facilities and Infrastructure Learning facilities in and outside class, data on the number, conditions, benefit period life and users.

a. The Palembang City Human Development Index increased from 77.02 to 78.44 in 2014 and 2019 respectively. Nationally, it increased from 68.90 to 71.92. The average length of schooling increased from 10.23 to 10.52 in 2014 and 2019 respectively (BPS 2020). b. Graph of the number of occupants at Palembang Class 1 CCL decreased. In 2014 there were 191 children, decreasing to 84 children in 2018. This indicates that children having finished their detention period did not recommit violations of the law. Based on the results of the evaluation, the number of students decreased to affect the sustainability of the Filial School. To follow-up, the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of South Sumatra transferred child Prisoners in detention centers and correctional institutions in the South Sumatra Region to Palembang Class 1 CCL to have them in filial school and in 2019 the number of students at CCL of 193 children decreased in 2020 to 147 children. c. The monitoring results show that most of the children completing their education at CCL can improve their welfare. They work in government agencies (7.5%), private companies (14.8%), entrepreneurship (30%) and non-permanent jobs (47.7%). d. The dropout rate reduced.

The Palembang City Government conducts the innovation by collaborating with the Office of Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia based on the MoU between the Palembang Mayor and the Head of the Regional Office of Kemenkumham on 17 August 2014. The parties have duties and responsibilities: The Palembang City Government determines the filial schools are conducted at Palembang Class 1 CCL, with the parent schools of SDN 25, SMPN 22 and SMAN 11, while the Regional Office of Kemenkumham designates Palembang Class 1 CCL as a place for filial school activities. This initiative also collaborates with various stakeholders: - Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education of Kemendikbud supports fund; - The Office of Social Affairs of South Sumatra provides support for social service development; - The Office of Population and Civil Registration of Palembang City issues a child's identity card; - UIN Raden Fatah, Abdi Nusa Palembang Institute, and Palcomtech collaborate in education, research, community service and human resource development; - KONI of South Sumatra provides sport training and coaching; - PKBI of South Sumatra provides child and family mentoring and development; - Bina Autis Mandiri Foundation trains weaving and batik skills; - Palembang Potensia Course and Training Institute trains English and computer skills.

Management, Implementation and Evaluation of this initiative will be carried out together with Palembang City Education Office; Palembang Class 1 CCL; Parent Schools; Teachers; Parents Forum; and Community Elements, with the following roles: 1.Education Office of Palembang City verifyies places for learning activities in CCL, establishing parent schools, conducting coaching, monitoring and evaluating the delivery of education, and providing recommendations for students who have finished their coaching period. 2.Palembang Class 1 CCL identifies and assesses the conditions and educational needs of children developed by CCL. 3.Parent schools (SDN 25 Palembang, SMPN 22 Palembang, SMAN 11 Palembang) prepare curriculum and teaching materials; prepare teaching staff; carry out Mid-Semester Exams, Final Semester Exams, Graduation Exams, School Exams, National Exams; manage and report learning outcomes and student master documents; issue report cards and certificates. 4.Teachers conduct the teaching and learning process, namely planning, implementing and evaluating learning outcomes in accordance with the applicable curriculum. 5.Parents Forum socializes and develops collaborative networks as well as a forum for fostering families of CCL children. 6.Society includes State-owned enterprises, academics, NGOs, course institutes and other institutions in charge of providing various forms of assistance both morally and materially.

The initiative implementation provides several lessons to be learned: -CCL do not have to lose their right to education. They still have to face the world after leaving the prison, so they need to be equipped with knowledge, skills and expertise because breaking the phase of children's education will create social and economic vulnerability in the future. -Bad stigma of CCL in society is gone. With this initiative they can be nurtured and directed to be even better, even after they leave CCL they can become new figures in the community. -The running well of cross-sector collaboration is synergistic, comprehensive and more effective in achieving the goal of fulfilling the children’s education right. -Children have the potential, including CCL, where after this initiative they can work and excel at both regional and national levels -This initiative can teach us that qualified education must be present in any condition, anywhere and anytime because it is the right of every child. -The initiative is replicated by the Directorate General of Corrections The Office of Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia as a National Pilot Model for Child Education Patterns to be implemented in all CCLs in Indonesia.