Questions/Answers

According to WHO(World Health Organization), an estimated 10% of Indonesia’s population are People with Disabilities (PWDs): according to SUPAS (Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus) (2015), based on types of disability, the population of PWDs (Persons with disabilities) is 22.1 million people, covering 10.720.710 (multiple), 7.354.880 (sensory), 2.822.170 (physical), 709.410 (intellectual) and 492.830 (mental). Out of 22.1 million PWDs or 8.56% of the total population (2015) spread across 34 provinces and 514 districts/cities, mostly live in rural areas and are unable to access services located in the City. Low participation in education (21.6% never attended school) have caused PWDs to work in non-formal sectors due to lack of accessibility and low-quality education. Families are also unable to provide assistance to PWDs due to their intellectual obstacles. This has excluded them from the competitive world of working in open employment. PWDs are also stigmatized, marginalized and perceived incapable. Many of them in the communities are regarded as a burden to their families and social environment. Creating assistance/ aid institutions, training and employment opportunities for PWDs in the community through the development of Kampung Peduli service models became an alternative solution for PWDs to improve living conditions, eliminating the vulnerability. The presence of the Kampung Peduli (Village Care) model enabled families and communities to provide assistance; PWDs are capable of being independent according to their potential, can work and earn a living, indirectly building an environment that is inclusive, friendly and caring toward PWDs. This innovation will ensure their rights are fulfilled and that they are perceived as an asset to their families and communities.

In accordance with the category of Delivering inclusive and equitable services for all, PWDs are considered vulnerable as they have limited abilities in conducting daily activities, learning difficulties, disadvantages in self-adapting, dependent on others, and unable to use free time. On the other hand, they mostly came from poor families with low education, in areas far from service facilities thus increasing the difficulties in accessing those services. Being vulnerable and poor have denied PWDs from receiving proper education and training, making them unable to conduct works to generate income. hence an initiative is proposed through service model development for PWDs

SDG target no. 4.4: Kampung Peduli would substantially increase the number of youth and adult PWDs with relevant talents, including technical and vocational skills for work, decent jobs and entrepreneurship. Kampung Peduli follows up the issue in providing productive economic business skills for PWDs, enabling them to produce sellable products to earn an income. SDGs target no. 4.5: Kampung Peduli would eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access for all levels of education and vocational training for vulnerable people, including PWDs, indigenous people and children in vulnerable conditions. In providing productive economic skills training for PWDs, Kampung Peduli does not differentiate gender. SDGs target no. 10.2: Kampung Peduli empowers and promotes social, economic and political equalities for all regardless of age, gender, disability, race, ethnicity, religion, economic status or others. Kampung Peduli provides services to all PWDs in the community.

Kampung Peduli implemented based on the needs of the community, by the community, supporting economy, society, and culture. For example, Ciprat batik, an iconic Kampung Peduli product, which is made by splashing hot wax over the fabric that created abstract and different motifs in each fabric, resulting in PWDs earning income and becoming economically independent. Kampung Peduli has been implemented in 19 locations, 14 Districts, and 3 Provinces, bringing positive impacts with the growth of the community’s initiatives and creativity to implement PWD empowerment and create an inclusive environment

The need for social services for PWDs in Indonesia is increasing due to community development. Additionally, the population of PWDs is not proportional to the number of service organizations, hence they do not have access to public services and do not receive guidance to make ends meet. The aim of this initiative is for PWDs’ socio-economic empowerment in the community, achieving self-reliance in an inclusive and caring social environment. This innovation has a large capacity, flexible working and service hours, and is able to reach wider targets, not only PWDs but also the community. The positive impact of this program is the significant increase in the number of PWDs assisted. They can conduct their daily routines and productive activities such as making batik ciprat, doormats, and other local products through Community Self-help Groups (CBOs). Current evaluation results suggest 77.11% of businesses they conducted can increase income, while 41% of PWDs participating in CBOs have their own savings. The community's stigma towards PWDs is fading after witnessing through the intensive training, they can conduct productive activities or have decent work. Service administration becomes more effective and efficient because the manager and members of Kampung Peduli carry it out independently and openly.

Stigma and lack of access to services affect gender inequality, therefore Kampung Peduli provides equal opportunities for men, women, the elderly, youth and PWDs to participate in decision making, triggering community self-sufficiency; institutional, production, marketing, and partnership network development for program sustainability. Kampung Peduli promotes the joint management of all citizens to help increase the productivity of PWDs working in self-help groups to earn income and become independent. In its development, Kampung Peduli provides an opportunity not only for PWDs but also for other social welfare services – overcoming inclusion challenges in each region as a whole

The positive impacts received by the target groups - PWDs, families, and communities: 1) PWDs in all Kampung Peduli locations are served, able to become independent and generate the income - eliminating the vulnerability and poverty they experience. 2) The number of PWDs successfully served has increased significantly annually, while families’ understanding in supporting PWDs, as well as community awareness towards them, have increased. 3) Before Kampung Peduli existed, PWDs were not productive and were often neglected, not sent to special schools nor directed to carry out productive activities. After the implementation of Kampung Peduli, they are able to conduct daily routines to take care of themselves, participate in productive economic activities and generate income. 4) Kampung Peduli managed to encourage initiative and creativity from communities to empower PWDs. 5) Stigma in communities about PWDs as people with no potential is diminishing upon witnessing that PWDs are able to conduct productive / work activities. 6) Engagement of stakeholders to build a joint commitment to support Kampung Peduli, and protect and fulfill the rights of PWDs.

Kampung Peduli was formed through 6 stages: social mapping and socialization, identification of targets, the formation of CBOs, institutional development, building commitments with stakeholders, and developing partnership networks. The cadre's ability to trigger community self-sufficiency and empowerment to provide building facilities as a working business center, providing assistance in daily routines and entrepreneurial skills for PWDs, became the program’s key to success. Monitoring and evaluation of Kampung Peduli are carried out by the Team from BBRSPDI (THE NATIONAL CENTRE OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION FOR PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES) Kartini Temanggung to ensure: 1. Kampung Peduli can motivate PWDs to work at business centers 2. Kampung Peduli can mobilize community self-sufficiency and empowerment, creating an inclusive environment 3. Kampung Peduli can provide assistance to PWDs to conduct daily routines and entrepreneurial skills 4. Kampung Peduli can link and/or facilitate with source systems 5. The community provides facilitation support such as building facilities for business centers, capital facilitation through Kampung Peduli and ADD (allocation of village funds) 6. Institutions, businesses, and academics are able to provide support in institutional strengthening, improving the quality of production or marketing In addition, Kampung Peduli operators also carried out an evaluation in an effort to maintain and improve: 1. The activeness of beneficiaries, 2. Community self-sufficiency 3. Product quality and diversification 4. Product marketing 5. Partnership network 6. Kampung Peduli governance

Challenges: 1. Kampung Peduli operators are volunteers and are mostly working so allocated time is limited. 2. Kampung Peduli’s product marketing is still conventional and faces high market competition and have yet to accept orders in large quantities Solutions: 1. Operator’s commitment to schedule arrangement 2. BBRSPDI Kartini Temanggung facilitates establishing commitment with the Head of Regency and related stakeholders for support 3. Engaging Kampung Peduli operators in technical assistance of management marketing design organized by the Asia Pacific Center On Disability (APCD)

The high population of PWDs in Indonesia without the support of government capability in providing social rehabilitation services. Kampung Peduli provides services to non-institutional PWDs through a participative approach: activities are carried out by involving active participation from families and communities. This innovation is more effective and efficient to provide inclusive services for more PWDs and other Social Welfare Service Needs, with lower service costs per person compared to hall services and the results are clearly felt by the community. This also requires flexible service hours, accommodated with the time availability of families, public officials, CBOs, community and member cadres.

The history of Kampung Peduli began in 2010 through outreach activities. Until 2015 the model development of Kampung Peduli has provided a significant number of service recipients in several districts across Central Java, DIY, and East Java. Evaluation results showed that model development is considered capable of reducing vulnerability as a unique effort from conventionally institution-based to community-based despite yet to be optimal – until the new innovation, Kampung Peduli arrived. It is an innovation for empowering PWDs in communities, finally eliminating stigma and marginalization; generating income and being independent, and encouraging realization of a friendly and caring inclusive community

Kampung Peduli has been fully applied by the Blitar Regency with full financial support through the Regency Social Service as a stakeholder. BBRSPDI Kartini in Temanggung provides assistance on Kampung Peduli’s operations; the District Trade Office provides guidance on production techniques for operators and members, Brawijaya University provides marketing techniques for production results. Head of Sub-Districts, Regency Police and State Electricity Company provide support as Kampung Peduli’s product consumers. In Blitar Regency, Kampung Peduli is located in Resapombo Village, Soso Village, and Siraman Village through village fund allocations. Second is the Wonosobo Regency, allocating a budget to stimulate productive economic ventures in Marong Village, Garung District and supported by CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility). Thirdly is the Situbondo Regency in Kedung Dowo Village, Arjasa District and Alas Malang Village, Penarukan District. Kampung Peduli is applicable in various places because it is open, efficient, easy to implement, does not damage the family and is adaptable to local beliefs with flexible activity schedules. It is considered effective as it yields faster results – upon training, members are able to produce sellable products. Therefore, this is a great solution to address the needs of community groups in solving poverty and vulnerability challenges faced by PWDs.

Already transferred

The human resources are families supporting PWDs, cadres managing Kampung Peduli, Social Workers as supervisors, instructors, community leaders driving community participation, and CSR assisting HR development. Communities participate in building an inclusive environment and supporting the productive economic efforts of PWDs, while academics improve the quality of human resources through technical assistance in business management and marketing. Financial needs are supported by DIPA BBRSPDI Kartini Temanggung, government agencies, business units through CSR and Village Fund Allocation according to respective duties and functions. Physical infrastructure resources include business centers, land, and the facilitation of production equipment.

Kampung Peduli answers the needs of PWDs to improve living conditions and eliminate the vulnerability. It is supported by each village through budget allocation in the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget for community self-sufficiency - used for PWD empowerment whereby an annual budget is allocated for Kampung Peduli. Companies with social responsibility are obliged to allocate a budget for PWD empowerment and as a partner in supporting Village Care activities. Relevant agencies provide support based on their respective duties and functions in terms of human resource development, product marketing, providing infrastructure facilities, capital, and supervision for program sustainability.

Yes

BBRSPDI Kartini Temanggung conducted a formal internal evaluation on Kampung Peduli in 2016 through the "Kampung Peduli" Satisfaction Survey. This survey seeks satisfaction levels from PWDs’ families, community members, and various stakeholders. Samples were taken using the area sampling technique: 166 people were sampled, spread across 9 districts. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires. The Mekong Institute and Independent Panelist Team of Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform carried out external evaluation through scientific research with the title “Final Evaluation Report Project for the ASEAN Hometown Improvement through Disability-Inclusive Communities Model” (May 2019).

Internally, 8 indicators are applied - technical and administrative service requirements, formal service procedures, service period, product specifications, staff capacity and competency, officer’s behavior, service charter and complaint management. The tools used include questionnaires and interview guides. Externally, a mixed method is used - quantitative and qualitative research techniques to collect data from beneficiary families, service providers, relevant local and national governments, officials and other stakeholders to produce credible results and insights, while considering the nature and scope of activity interventions and indicators mentioned in the Logical Framework Matrix. The results of this study are presented by applying qualitative methods.

Internal evaluation through the Community Satisfaction Survey showed that the Community Satisfaction Index for Kampung Peduli reached 86.45%, implying that, in general, service recipients felt very satisfied with the service and their assessments on Kampung Peduli’s service quality and performance were very good. The findings of an external evaluation by the Mekong Institute stated that the Kampung Peduli Program is one of the most successful disability inclusion services models that the Government of Indonesia has undertaken. Based on the evaluation of the Independent Panelist Team of Kemenpan RB and the results from field verification, Kampung Peduli successfully won the TOP 40 Public Service Innovation Competition (KIPP) in 2018.

BBRSPDI has sought the issuance of regulations from vertical agencies, from the Directorate General of Social Rehabilitation to the Ministry of Social Affairs, to support Kampung Peduli’s activities, resulting in the establishment of regulations on strengthening the existence of Kampung Peduli as stated in the Institution Strategic Plan. Vertically, BBRSPDI has created a manual book for Kampung Peduli activity organizers, from building commitment, implementation and evaluation of activities. To improve the ability of social rehabilitation assistance for Kampung Peduli activity organizers, several technical coaching activities have been carried out both at Kampung Peduli’s locations as well as BBRSPDI. Horizontally, provincial and district / city social services as well as similar institutions such as halls, large halls and small halls have organized benchmarking at the Kartini BBRSPDI in Temanggung, some resulting in a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between BBRSPDI and those institutions. System strengthening also occured in collaboration with stakeholders both from business and education (universities, schools). This proves that Kampung Peduli is systematically integrated, both vertically and horizontally.

Users, stakeholders, and partners are engaged in various aspects: 1. BBRSPDI Kartini in Temanggung as the initiator, motivator, and facilitator organizes activities. 2. The Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia as the parent agency or parent of policymakers, regulations, and standardization. 3. CBOs as the medium of community participation, center for PWDs, and actors providing programs or services. 4. Cadres are the educators, supervisors, and instructors for their family members or beneficiaries. They come from the surrounding community, so there is an emotional closeness which makes it easier to communicate with beneficiaries so the program works more effectively. Other community members participate in providing infrastructures such as village buildings and community dwellings. They also support the program by encouraging awareness and motivating beneficiaries, families, and communities and encourage people to buy products made by beneficiaries. Local and regional government (Social and Manpower Office, Regional Revenue Service, Fisheries and Maritime Affairs and Youth, Sports and Culture Office), universities (Soegijapranoto Catholic University, Muhammadiyah University and Brawijaya University), and private companies (BRI Bank and other business units) also support innovative programs by providing vocational training, financial assistance, business networks and product promotion and assist independent evaluations of future program improvements.

Lessons learned: 1. Innovation based on Kampung Peduli’s approach reaches more beneficiaries. 2. The innovation is more efficient and effective as it provides more output, lower costs and more optimal results. Institutional-based services cost the ± US $ 1,100 per person per year, whereas Kampung Peduli only costs US $ 300 per person per year. 3. The innovation is more suited to the local community conditions and potential in terms of retrieving solutions that are closer to the source of the problem. 4. Local community initiatives and creativity can be developed to jointly take responsibility for protecting the rights of PWDs. 5. The stigma of beneficiaries as marginalized groups diminishes or fades. 6. Finally, the public can directly monitor and evaluate the services provided by government agencies. These main lessons learned also emphasize the mandate of Indonesian Law No. 8 of 2016 concerning PWD. These lessons avoid separating beneficiaries from their families and communities, as well as the alternative solutions that are relevant to solving problems related to the limited capacity of social institutions. Planning in the future: 1. To increase the total of Kampung Peduli in every region. 2. To develop networks among Kampung Peduli. 3. To increase a wide partnership network.