Questions/Answers

As the biggest province in the most populous island, East Java has heavy burden of poverty alleviation. Moreover, the issue of poverty in East Java is quite distinctive. Jalin-Matra Feminization of Poverty Alleviation is innovation organized by governor as an intervention to women who become household heads, which 20.46% of them in East Java are classified as poor (expenditure less than $ 1 per day), this percentage is higher than national level which is only 16.03%. There are 152,343 poor female household heads (FHH) in East Java who are backbone of family's economy due to several reasons, divorced; husband died; neglected and having a husband with a disability. Poor FHH, through this program are assisted to find a way out to their welfare by running a business, the result can increase the income of between $4-6 per day, can improve family nutrition and for children's education. 152,343 poor FHH in East Java need the presence of Jalin-Matra so they’re able to find a way towards welfare. Aims to encourage business motivation and ability (life skills) to improve their welfare. women as backbone of the family is on the lowest 10 percent of poverty based on Integrated Database. Therefore, this was carried out as new approach. They’re not only aid beneficiaries, because that will only make them target and have no direct influence on policy. Second objective to expand poor FHH access to productive businesses increasing their business assets and income. This changes paradigm by making them participate directly in determining type of business after previously receiving a capital stimulus of IDR2,500,000 ($167), not to be used for consumption needs. However, the main purpose is providing capital to start a business. Type of business is determined by themselves, indeed women will become main actors in changing their economic conditions

Jalin-Matra provides policy making opportunities to poor FHH as subject which increases their role, namely in obtaining business access, social participation, channeling aspirations, determining types of needs and exploring their potential to improve welfare. Generally, they’re more prone to poverty, because they bear the family burden, working while parenting, also experience discrimination in capital access, salary and property ownership. The implementation involves active participation of FHHs, by direct discussion, regarding aspirations, desired needs, and planning assistance for productive economic. Also involves active role of various parties, village government, local and regency women activists, local entrepreneurs, regency government, provincial government and universities

First goal (end poverty), the objectives is to increase FHH income, based on the poverty dynamic analysis by TNP2K, there is an increase in welfare status at 42.68% FHH. From 10% status to the lowest welfare level (Decile 1) changes to 20% status and above the lowest welfare level (Decile 2 - 4). Fifth goal Aims to provide opportunities for poor FHH to participate in development in East Java. Previously didn’t have any spirit of business toward independent women. This innovation provided access to productive economic businesses to 86.943 FHHs in 2,955 villages valued at IDR232,885,875,000 ($17.2 millions). Through http://ibuberdaya.id/, a business network created to promote business products and provided business training tailored to business type and skills. Focus on gender equality and women's empowerment realized in collaborating 5,824 village women activists, serve as companions in function of mother-care, figure who guides, motivates to be economically independent, to be able to have self-confidence in social interaction, know its potential, and able to manage its business. Eighth goal, the monitoring and evaluation by Brawijaya University stated that Jalin-Matra has resulted in various types of business, the trade sector 34.28%, MSME food 28.35%, livestock 27.60%, services 6.69%, crafts 2.05%, and agriculture 1.03%.

Socially, Mother-care provide technical skills and also provide input on social awareness and encourage in maintaining business networks and change their paradigm as empowered women. Village Family Welfare Empowerment organization (FEW) provide assistance, guidance and facilitation to developing business. Economically, after growing new businesses, treatments to increase their capacity and business training collaborating with University and agencies in terms of management, lay out and product packaging, increasing FHH income, IDR.581,133 ($40) per month Environmentally, continued by Village FWE, keep provide assistance, guidance and even facilitation to FHH in running and developing a micro business and even provide easy and cheap loans

Jalin-Matra uses participatory Deliberative principles, FHH is positioned as the main actor, as the subject by providing the opportunity to actively participate to improve their welfare. Normatively, Village Government together with mother-care continue to strive to facilitate FHH to play a role in village development. this innovation is able to provide gender equality, where so far more aid has been provided to male heads of household (MHH), Jalin-Matra present specifically to improve the welfare of women household heads where 20.46% of them are classified as poor. Interventions with FHHs have a wider impact on family welfare because they tend to prioritize the welfare of their family members more than MHHs. Thus, their income can increase, level of education of children and quality of family's health also increases. Thus, FHHs and their family members will have access to better public services. In addition, the interaction between FHHs and collaboration with local women activists called mother-care made them not only motivated to manage a business. But it also makes them aware of their rights as women. They are also more aware of their families. Able to lead family to access basic public services such as family cards, identity cards, and birth certificates.

Women Life is more difficult than men, in social pressure and work access, considered as second-class society. In rural, agricultural woman laborers earn only half of men, despite burden and working hours. Socially, working women still considered inappropriate because they neglect to be housewives. Bearing status of widow isn’t easy, women always being blamed and considered to be main cause of divorce, early marriage, and domestic violence. Many societies stigmatize divorced widows as naughty women. thus, FHH face more difficult life, and more difficult for them to moving out of poverty. Moreover, those at the lowest 10% welfare level.

Target are poor FHH with the lowest 10% welfare level, reaches 152,343 households In East Java, the largest national. 86.943 FHH have been targeted during 2014-2019 and able to change their lives, able to fulfill their basic needs in independent and sustainable manner, also owning business assets, managing business networks, and technical expertise was much improved than before. Evaluation results of Brawijaya University in 2016 also show that program implementation has been carried out on the track and analysis shows an average program success rate of 98.35%. analysis of output resulted in various types micro business, trading business as largest contribution (49.12%) with an increase in business of 60.09%. impact analysis shows the increasing FHH income. Business development has increased by 70.61%, 63.18% has increasing income IDR750,000 ($40-50). The social impact in form self-motivation in doing business, 96.31% became more motivated in running their business, also they are becoming more environmentally and socially aware, more aware of women's rights, because the collaboration between FHH and mother-cares. 5,824 women activists transmitted intensively the entrepreneurial spirit, gender equality, environmental awareness, and business techniques, and also now able to create community groups to strengthen the social capital of Female Household Head (FHH)

Jalin-Matra is original innovation of East Java Provincial Government. In 2014, the Governor initiated a special program for FHH and commissioned the Regional Research Council, Community and Village Empowerment Agency, and Brawijaya University to design the Feminization of Poverty Alleviation (FPA) with two main strategies. The strategy for empowering FHH by stimulating business capital for productive economic efforts and meeting basic needs. And solving economic, social, cultural, and psychological problems through concept of mother-care assistance services. Together with all stakeholders, in 2014 a pilot project was carried out with a target of 3,309 FHH in 54 villages, in 2015 reaching 14,568 FHH in 416 villages, in 2016 reaching 11,828 FHH in 373 villages, in 2017 reaching 23,880 FHH in 785 villages, in 2018 reaching 25,083 FHH in 869 villages and 43 sub-regencies, and in 2019 reached 8,275 FHH in 415 villages. Collaboration of stakeholders were given roles and responsibilities and well-coordinated by Provincial Secretariat: East Java Regional Agencies, Brawijaya University, Airlangga University, State University of Malang, Regency Secretariat, and Civil Society. Formal evaluation of the Program is carried out in layers. First, evaluation by universities, in 2014, was carried out in collaboration with Airlangga University, while in 2015, 2016, and 2017 in collaboration with Brawijaya University. Provincial Secretariat also perform monitoring and evaluating, namely at the disbursement stage which is carried out when funds are transferred to Village Government account, the realization stage of handover of productive venture capital for FHH. Then monitoring program impact evaluation to see the increase in income and development of FHH business. Evaluation is also perform by a collaboration Team to determine the effectiveness of implementation. In addition, evaluation is also carried out through accountability deliberations attended by the village government, village legislative, community leaders, and the FHH This evaluation is a form of transparency.

Weak entrepreneurial spirit and FHH business skills, low motivation and courage to determine and start a business. solution: Mother-care continue to deep discuss with FHH to explore their potential and provide technical guidance. Gap between Integrated database and factual conditions, cause by exclusion and inclusion errors, solution: conduct field verification to determine which FHH is eligible. Limited budget to reach all poor FHH in East Java as much as 152,343 FHH, solution: collaboration with local government, Civil society and CSR to get involved engaging program. Poor FHHs live in remote areas, solution: Mother-care actively discuss with FHH to explore potential can be developed.

Effectiveness of selecting specific targets by determining the criteria with the lowest 10% welfare level, having familiy members of productive age, not living alone, formulated in data base by name, by address, by picture, and by need. Deliberative participatory principle, FHH is positioned as the main subject, where Government is present in the midst of FHH to greet, invite discussions and find solutions to improve their welfare. Implementing principle of helping with heart, prioritizing social empathy, not only aiming at developing economic potential, but also their dignity, motivation, and self-confidence, as well as maintaining local cultural values through mentoring mother-care.

Jalin-Matra is an original innovation aims not only to develop economic potential of very poor households, but also to their dignity, motivation, self-confidence and self-worth. Apart from that, maintenance of local cultural values, among others, is by continuing to pay respect to FHH to decide on proposed needs. Poor FHH is common, where their life are more difficult than male. Jalin-Matra changed the paradigm towards women who were usually only targets has now become main actors. Implementing the deliberative participatory principle, discussion with FHH is essential to explore and decide on proposed business needs, no more a second-class society

Jalin-Matra startes from Integrated Database, used from planning, implementation and evaluation stages, needed a system capable of processing data, to obtained desired data to carry out program planning, intended data must be subjected to verification and validation in field to obtain accuracy, results must be entry online to be immediately analyzed so that alternatives can be provided for the treatment of FHH. Monitoring carried out by Mother-care can also be entered online so that it can be monitored in real time and integrated. Digital technology is used here in various stages, so that all stages of activities can be monitored and recorded.

Since 2016, Jalin-Matra has replicated its management model and target setting carried out through a matching program, using the same pattern but with different targets. by 9 regencies, including: 1. Bojonegoro Regency from 2017 to 2019 replicated for the target of 2,797 FHH, budget of IDR.7.69 billion; 2. Sampang Regency from 2017 to 2019 has replicated through the Gema Sahabat program with target of 1,562 FHH, budget of IDR.4.75 billion; 3. Ponorogo Regency since 2016 replicated with the target of 3,110 FHH, budget of IDR.3.29 billion; 4. Tuban Regency replicated with the target of 474 FHH, budget of IDR.1.19 billion; 5. Lamongan Regency replicated with the target of 1,000 FHH, budget of IDR.1 billion; 6. Lumajang Regency replicated with the target of 272 FHH, budget of IDR.680 million; 7. Probolinggo Regency replicated with the target of 215 FHH, budget of IDR.537 million; 8. Magetan Regency replicated with target of 175 FHH, budget of IDR.350 million; 9. Situbondo Regency through sharing fund has allocated a budget of IDR.114 million. Replication was carried out as a commitment to implement a collective agreement (MoU) between the Governor and the Regents, about mentoring support and the allocation of funds for Jalin-Matra from 2014-2019

innovation has been transfer (see number 7.a)

During 2014-2019, the resources were a budget of IDR.258 billion, used to stimulate business capital for 86,943 FHH in 2,955 villages in 37 regencies / cities in East Java. Human resources: engaged stakeholders collaboration from provincial level were 6 Agencies, 37 regencies/ cities involving 6 Agencies each, 3 universities, 2,955 villages involved chief, village officials and 5,824 mother-care, are given their respective roles and responsibilities. Technical Resources: General Guidelines, MoU with Universities, with East Java MSME Bank regarding easy and cheap loan funds for FHH. also, business training collaborations with institutions including Sampoerna Education and Training Center (SETC) and others

Jalin-Matra will be remain sustainable for 78,668 FHHs by involving women activists’ participation which is called 5,824 mothercare (village women activists) since 2014 until now. Support of Regency to intervention with other FHH by adopting mechanism regarding General Guidance of Jalin-Matra. Village Government through Village Fund will allocate a community empowerment budget used to support the sustainability of post-program assistance. Regulation of Minister of Village prioritize Village Fund should be optimized to alleviate poverty and community empowerment. To expand the target, starting in 2020 the Jalin-Matra will be transformed into the Jatim Puspa targeting poor women doing business.

Yes

Formal evaluation of Jalin-Matra is carried out by collaborating with various parties periodically at the end of period. First, evaluation by universities. In 2014, the evaluation was carried out in collaboration with Airlangga University. in 2015, 2016, and 2017 with Brawijaya University. The Provincial Secretariat also evaluates by monitoring and evaluating through three stages. Monitoring of program disbursement, after the funds are transferred to Village Government. Monitoring the realization / delivery of productive business capital to FHH. And evaluation program impact. Evaluation also through accountability deliberations carried out by the village stakeholder as a form of program transparency

first: related to target accuracy, FHH must registered in the Decile 1 integrated database or replacement FLH based on the village deliberation, the recipient must FHH and productive Second: The exact amount, accuracy of the amount of business capital received by FHH, allocation of use of assistance for main business capital, supporting businesses, and their basic needs. Third, the appropriateness of utilization in psychological, economic and social terms. increases self-motivation, increase in income and increase in the public participation. The last indicator is the quality of life of family, children's education level, health level, ability and fulfillment of basic needs

Evaluation carried out by means of a questionnaire and direct interviews. The results by Brawijaya in 2018 revealed that 93.57% of the program implementation was on target, 95.56% FHH felt that this program was useful, 92.21% observed an increase in FHH self-motivation in doing business, 64.77% showed an increase in FHH’s income, while 92.69% considered that there was a response of environmental support to the FHH’s businesses. Meanwhile, the program output analysis from UB produced various types of FHH’s businesses. The trading sector yielded the biggest contribution (49.12%) with an increase in business of 60.09%. Impact analysis shows an increasing FHH income. The development of the FHH business has increased by 70.61%. Of this amount, 63.18% experienced an increase in income of IDR.581,133 ($40) per month. Social impact that contributed the most was the increase in self-motivation in doing business, involving 96.31% of capital stimulus recipients. Airlangga University evaluation results in 2015 also showed a good impact, 97% of FHH respondents stated that they were ready to manage business, while the rest needed guidance from mother-cares. Meanwhile, 92% of the FHH respondents were committed to managing the business assistance they received. improvements continue to be made to overcome existing shortcomings

Vertically, this innovation firstly collaborated with TNP2K and the Ministry of Social Affairs in providing Integrated database for social protection and FHH data analysis used to summarize the poor FHH to be assisted, secondly with Ministry of Home Affairs regarding special financial assistance mechanism regulations, thirdly with Ministry of Villages concerning the priority of Village Funds regulation. The innovation also collaborates with stakeholders ranging from local communities, the Village Secretariat as the spearhead of innovation, Regencies and Province. Mother-care provides direct assistance to FHH, the results of activities are reported and accountable to Regency and Provincial Secretariats. Stakeholder activities of Regency secretariat must also report their activities to the Provincial Secretariat. Horizontally, this innovation firstly collaborated with the Regional Planning Board regarding budget planning and implementation, secondly with the Regional Office of Social Service on poverty alleviation coordination, thirdly with the Regional Office of Cooperative provides business training activities for FHH. Universities institutions conduct mentoring management at provincial, district and village levels. Program mentoring and implementation results are saved in the innovation database and reported to the Governor of East Java. Public participation space is provided through handling complaints, suggestions, and input on the website: www.dpmd.jatimprov.go.id and email jalin_matra@jatimprov.go.id.

At Planning Stage, Jalin-Matra was initiated by Governor then assigned collaborative team of to design a special program for FHH, the Regional Research Council (DRD), Community and village Empowerment Office, and Brawijaya University, starts from an integrated database analysis to determine the target, formulate the activity mechanism, and the engaging stakeholders. At implementation stage, collaboration team established in Provincial Secretariat led by governor. Cross-sector coordination involves the Province Poverty Reduction Coordination Team, and Community and village Empowerment Office. FHH is fully involved in this innovation, namely as a recipient of a capital stimulus. Other community elements involved include mother-cares and community leaders. The involvement of Brawijaya University as partner which plays a role in providing human resource support, community empowerment assistance, development of science and technology to the community. Meanwhile, the involvement of civil society consists of regency facilitators and mother-cares who accompany and encourage the FHH, the women religion organization assists in the FHH assistance process, Sampoerna Foundation provides business training for FHH, the Charity management institution provides additional business capital for FHH. Regency facilitators and mother-cares are the spearhead of facilitators and assistants who coordinate implementer and mother-care in the village

Firstly, to improve the welfare of poor FHH, it requires the collaborative action of all stakeholders, including government, universities, the private sector, and civil society Second, the presence of the government in the midst of the poor. Especially women (FHH) by paying respect and talking about problems faced and formulating solutions to their needs. Third, FHH must be positioned as the subject. This is done by encouraging them to be actively involved in improving their welfare. Fourth, support needs to be given from a legal aspect. All legal basis for program implementation, both from the regulation, and budget allocation must be approved and supported by politics. Last but not least, the role of mother-care as companion for FHH is very important. Because they also need attention and guidance in order to be able to moving out of poverty. Policies for the preservation : it is necessary to collaborate with private stakeholders to increase the capacity of FHH through various business trainings and efforts to increase the added values of FHH’s products, encouraging the use of village fund for poverty reduction and community empowerment, and Throughout 2020 - 2024 Jalin Matra will transform into JATIM PUSPA (Women's Business Empowerment)