Questions/Answers

As a city with a population of 604,378 people, like other cities Jambi City has typical urban problems, for example, from an area of 169,886Ha, there are 986.58Ha or 0.58% of them are slum areas. These locations are spread across 43 Villages of the existing 62 Villages. In addition, the lack of development of utilities, facilities and environmental infrastructure and budget constraints to accommodate the many public proposals for utility development due to budget allocations that are prioritized on large-scale activities have made the problem more complicated. To overcome the issue, Jambi City Government initiated the Community Empowerment for Settlement Development (CESD) program or is known to Jambi City’s people as Bangkit Berdaya which based on the community from planning, implementation, to control so that the community is not only the object but the main actor of development in their environment. Communities can submit their environmental development proposals directly to the city government. Through open screenings and discussions, Jambi City Government through the relevant Work Units then facilitates approved proposals and provides assistance in the form of materials. The development of environmental utilities as an implementation of the proposal itself is carried out by residents, including the proposing group. With this initiative, until 2019, there have been built including 132 km of neighborhood roads, 50.6 km of drainage, 57 public toilets, and a number of other utilities. This effort is believed to be able to generate social capital, a spirit of togetherness and participation to be more concerned with improving the quality in their respective environments. This effort is also in line with the regional performance target to reduce urban slum areas as stated in the RPJMD of Jambi City, namely the slum area in 2023 is only 0.076% or only left 128.25 Ha.

The inititative is an effort to increase effectiveness in order to achieve regional target achievement and is also in line with the SDGs. The proposed activities for the inititative start from direct proposals from the community through E-Planning (http://bappeda.jambikota.go.id/eplanning/#/) which are open and publicly accessible. Determination of community proposals for CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) activities is carried out through deliberation mechanism and fulfillment of predetermined criteria. After being implemented by the community, municipal apparatus monitor and report the progress through the e-Babe application, hence in practice this initiative also encourages the open, digital government in Jambi City.

CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) is in line with several SDGs. It contributes toward attainment of SDG 11.1 particularly indicator 11.1.1. The proportion of people in Jambi City who lived in slum areas was ± 34,918 families or 24% of the total 147,499 families in Jambi City. The initiative directly benefited ± 25,551 families or 18% of the total existing families. With the existence of CESD (Bangkit Berdaya), the area that was previously slum became a community environment that was livable, safe, adequate and had better public service facilities. In addition, the initiative also supports target 11.3 in the SDGs, especially Indicator 11.3.2 where all development stakeholders (community, professional and expertise organizations, NGOs, universities, multilevel government agencies) are directly involved in the planning process since the village level deliberation (musrenbang) up to the the ones of City level. On average, the participation rate for stakeholder involvement in the regional development planning stages is above 90%. In addition, the level of community participation in the musrenbang of Jambi City is different from other regions, because all neighborhood associations representatives in Jambi City attend the musrenbang, so that community participation is quite high in giving preferences and responses to proposals submitted in the E-Planning.

From the social aspect, this program is able to optimize the social capital of the community. This can be seen from the ever-increasing number of proposals from year to year, which demonstrates an increase in the spirit of mutual cooperation, as the community will contribute both in terms of labour and other resources in implementing proposals. Economically, the increase in environmental quality positively correlates with the increase in productivityof MSMEs, which in turn will help in increasing the community's economy. Meanwhile, from the environmental aspect, the use of ICT in submitting proposals and reporting also contributes to realizing paperless government.

Prior to the implementation of the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) program initiative, the management of community proposal planning was not implemented properly because there were so many proposals that were repeated every year and the inability of the technical work unit to manage them. On the one hand, this condition raises public dissatisfaction because their proposals are rarely responded to. On the other hand, planning governance is not running as it should be, so that the budget allocation for development is not directly benefiting the community. With the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) scheme, such condition is significantly improved because it involves township and subdistrict apparatus in facilitating the formulation and determination of community activity proposals and is also integrated with the regional development planning system. This condition makes the organization of programs and activities more effective and the the implementation of programs and activities more accountable because they are carried out openly. Through Bangkit Berdaya innovation, the distribution of development budget allocations becomes more effective, efficient, organized and accountable, and has a direct impact on the community both socially, economically and environmentally including participation and community concern (sense of belonging) because the community directly carries out the development.

In essence, the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) program is substantially open and participatory regardless of gender. Every member of the community can contribute since the process of proposal, planning, implementation, control, monitoring and reporting. CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) activities are basically intended for improving the quality of life of the community, including empowering women's groups in mobilizing the facilities and infrastructure built such as Integrated Service Post (Posyandu), Meeting Centers and others to be utilized in improving business skills and efforts to improve family health.

The CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) is implemented in the form of providing building materials to the community who have submitted their proposals through e-Planning and the proposals are approved through deliberation and screening mechanisms. Selection of proposals is prioritized in areas with a high number of poor groups of people. Even though the initiative make use of the ICT in its processes, the poor can still submit proposals and reports for free because all towns in Jambi City have a fiber optic network that is directly connected to the internet. The increase in community support and participation can be seen from the increase in the value of their contribution as a complement to the assistance provided by the government, both cash and non-cash which continues to increase every year, from only Rp. 76 million in 2014 to Rp. 2.06 billion in 2019. (2,710 times). The community of Jambi City who initially resided in the slum area were ±34,918 families. After the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) initiative, the number of families who still reside in the slum areas are ±9,367 families. The initiative activities able to contribute over the reducing of urban’s slum area by 79.79%.

Proposal management At the beginning of the program implementation (in 2014), the submission process of activity proposals was carried out manually. This resulted in the less optimal effectiveness of the proposal management. Based on the implementation of the evaluation in these conditions, in 2017 the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) planning was integrated into the E-Planning application, so that proposal submission and discussion duration became more efficient and effective. Program Organization The CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) Program at the launching was managed by Subdistrict/Kecamatan (Mayor Regulation No. 45 of 2014 concerning Technical Instruction of the Implementation of Development of Infrastructure and Utilities of Sub-Regency and Village Empowerment Program Environment 2014). This condition causes the program management control span to be long. In 2020 through Mayor Regulation No. 5 of 2020, the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) Program is managed by the township (Kelurahan-lower level) to ensure faster, more precise and transparent implementation of the program. Evaluation and Reporting Previous manual reporting had shortcomings, including uncertain continuity of reports and suboptimal reporting documentation so that evaluation of program implementation was hampered. At the end of 2019, the compilation of the CESD/Bangkit Berdaya (e-Babe) reporting information system was started, which is currently being updated so that this application is more adaptive to needs. And it is hoped that through the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) reporting application, the management of reporting can be more orderly, timely and well documented. Evaluations are carried out regularly based on reports from e-Babe and complaints received from the public through the Jambi City complaint handling application (Sikesal).

The problem faced in the initiative is that project work time often cannot be done on weekdays due to the busy community. In resolving the existing problems, the Jambi City Government tries to solve it by carrying out the work on weekends so that the community can work together optimally in the process. If community members are still unable to work on the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) project, they can make donations both cash and noncash forms.

The CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) initiative revives mutual cooperation, a strong social capital in Jambi community that has begun to fade. The initiative is implemented and responded positively by the community because of its user-centered approach in all stages of its management. The entire planning process is carried out through the musrenbang forum, where in Jambi City the participation of musrenbang at the City level is expanded to involve all Neighborhood Association heads in Jambi City. In addition, the program design created allows that each community proposal has a high probability of being implemented in a fast and measurable time.

The CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) innovation is an original innovation created by Jambi City Government. In other cities, there may be similar innovations, but the work is usually on the wage provision for the workers. Bangkit Berdaya innovation is carried out in mutual help with the community without any wages in the construction of a development project. That means, in this innovation social motivation and the spirit of collaboration based on social capital from the community takes precedence over economic incentives.

In line with the development of technological advances today, the implementation of CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) also adapts to these developments. In the planning process, it is integrated with the Regional Planning information system (E-Planning) to encourage open, participatory and accountable governance. E-Babe (http://e-babe.jambikota.go.id/ ) application is developed for reporting the program implementation and to evaluate regularly. Regarding public complaints, including in the implementation of CESD (Bangkit Berdaya), Jambi City government has also provided Sikesal application (Public Complaints Handling System), in which the response time for community complaints has been set according to type and complaint category.

CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) obtains appreciation from other regions in Indonesia and visited by local house of representatives (DPRD) of Karanganyar Regency, DPRD of Sungai Penuh City, Expert Staff of Mayor of Payakumbuh, Pidie Regency, and DPRD of Magelang City to study the CESD model and implementation.

The CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) concept has the potential to be adapted or replicated in its entirety in other places all over the world particularly which is related to community empowerment in optimizing the social capital available in the midst of society. In addition, the adaptation of this concept is quite simple, because the size of the budget given to the community can be adjusted to the government's fiscal capacity and its implementation can also be carried out directly by the community as in CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) or it can be combined through cooperation with companies.

During 2014-2019, the budget of Rp 23,947,475,000 has been allocated. This budget spent to fund 419 activities with the output of among others neighborhood street of 132,033 m long, drainage of 50,629 m long, 265 units of neighborhood security posts, 50 units of Posyandu, 153 units of public well, 38 m long of wooden bridge , and 57 Units of Public Sanitary. The Human Resources involved in this program include townships, sub-districts, and communities who carry out mutual cooperation activities. Information system is used in this initiative in the planning/proposal phase (e-Planning), reporting (e-Babe), and public complaint management (Sikesal).

Jambi City Government allocates CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) budget which amount increases each year. In 2014 the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) was allocated budget of Rp. 304,500,000, in 2015 was Rp. 5,253,724,000, in 2016 was Rp. 3,367,899,000, in 2017 was Rp. 4,047,106,000, in 2018 was Rp. 4,554,245,000 and in 2019 was Rp. 9,150,000,000. Support for CESD not only coming from towns and Sub-districts but also from other regional departments. This has now been formalized through the Mayor Regulation on Technical Instruction of Bangkit Berdaya implementation including procurement, distribution of material, and the program monitoring and evaluation.

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Regarding the evaluation of activity accountability carried out regularly every year by regional inspectorate and external parties, namely the Indonesian Supreme Audit Board (BPK RI) representatives of Jambi Province, with the aim of supervising the implementation of CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) activities from economic, efficiency and effectiveness aspects, as well as compliance with regulations. Regarding the effectiveness of program implementation, an evaluation is carried out by Bappeda, Sub-districts and related departments aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of program implementation which is further outlined in the amendment to the mayor's regulation regarding technical instructions of Bangkit Berdaya.

The program implementation performance indicators used are as follows: In general, the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) meets its target every year. The indicators used include: the percentage of proposals accommodated, percentage of decrease of the slum area, length of neighborhood roads built.

From the results of the evaluation that has been carried out, both related to financial accountability, output targets and programs as well as the challenges faced, it can be concluded that the implementation of CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) has fulfilled the accountability aspects based on the results of the evaluation of the Jambi City Inspectorate and also the BPK RI. Of all the proposals submitted each year have been accommodated entirely (100%) in the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) program, if there are proposals submitted after the implementation of CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) in the current year, they will be accommodated and implemented in the following year. From the slum areas in 2016 amounted 986.58 hectare, now it has decreased to 199.29 hectares or a decrease of 79.79%. Since the implementation of the initiative from 2014-2019, 132,033 meters of environmental roads have been added/repaired.

The CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) innovation is one of the efforts to support government’s policy related to the efforts of community environment quality improvement by prioritizing empowerment concept through optimization of community social capital. Through this innovation, social cohesion in the midst of a pluralistic urban society can be realized. The CESD activities basically synergize and support central and provincial government programs. The concept and implementation mechanism for initiative that is specific to small-scale utilities allows no overlap with activities carried out by the central government such as village funds or provincial financial assistance for village development. Within the internal scope of Jambi City Government, to avoid overlap of the regional apparatus inter-organization activities, the criteria for activities carried out through CESD and other activities are determined based on the size, location and status of activity plans, specifications and level of complexity. The CESD activities are the activities proposed by the community with simple specification and do not need special equipments. The filtering of CESD activities from the activities of technical agency has started since the planning process, in which community proposals for Bangkit Berdaya activities were proposed in the special “Bangkit Berdaya” program options in the e-planning.

CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) is an innovation that emphasizes collaboration, partnership and participation from planning to proposals, implementing activities, controlling and monitoring as well as reporting. Synergy between the community, township and sub-district apparatus, municipal departments, and the business world. In its implementation, CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) activities also require active participation and community contribution in the form of energy, thoughts, as well as financial and nonfinancial ones including consumption to support the implementation of activities. Bappeda of Jambi City facilitates and carries out advocacy in proposal delivery process in e-planning within the musrenbang period at towns and sub-districts levels, and carries out consolidation and socialization if there is mechanism change and technical instruction of the CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) activities. Other municipal departments (Public Works, Health, Community Empowerment and other related offices) provide technical support according to their respective competencies. Furthermore, the township and sub-district apparatus facilitate the implementation of activities with the support of building material shops in preparing requests for building material needs, and the community (neighborhood chiefs and local residents) carry out activities and maintain the infrastructure that has been built and report any errors. For program implementation accountability, the Inspectorate of Jambi City conducts performance and financial audits

The spirit of mutual cooperation that exists in the midst of society is a strategic asset in supporting development programs as well as its sustainability. Community involvement in development will increase the effectiveness of output, quality and also a sense of belonging to the community to the program. Furthermore, the level of success and success of a plan is largely determined by the cooperation and synergy of all related stakeholder elements. CESD (Bangkit Berdaya) as an effort to increase community empowerment and sustainable environmental quality is a unique and specific innovation when viewed from the implementation mechanism because it involves the community directly from planning to maintenance. Thus far, community involvement has not been enforced by the government, instead the community spontaneously participate to optimize the results of the implementation of the program. This innovation can also be adapted as a model in the implementation of development in other sectors because it is simple enough to be replicated by local governments in other countries who want to optimize the social capital of society and at the same time to find solution in overcoming limited regional fiscal capacity.